2010 Flash Crash (2024)

The Stock Market Crash of March 6, 2010

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What is the 2010 Flash Crash?

The 2010 Flash Crash is the market crash that occurred on May 6, 2010. During the 2010 crash, leading US stock indices, including the Dow Jones Industrial Average, S&P 500, and Nasdaq Composite Index, tumbled and partially rebounded in less than an hour. The day was distinguished by high volatility in trading of all types of securities, including stocks, futures, options, and ETFs.

Although the market indices managed to partially rebound in the same day, the flash crash erased almost $1 trillion in market value.

2010 Flash Crash (1)

2010 Flash Crash: Main Events

Beginning in the morning, trading on major US markets on May 6, 2010 showed a negative trend. It was mainly due to concerns regarding the financial situation in Greece and the upcoming elections in the UK. By afternoon, the major indices of equities and futures were down by 4% from their previous day’s close.

By 2:30 p.m., trading was becoming extremely turbulent. The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) lost almost 1,000 points in around 10 minutes. However, in the next 30 minutes, the index recovered almost 600 points.

Other market indices across North America were also affected by the Flash Crash. The S&P 500 Volatility Index increased by 22.5% on the same day, while the S&P/TSX Composite Index in Canada lost more than 5% of its value in between 2:30 p.m. to 3:00 p.m.

By the end of the trading day, the major indices regained more than half of the lost values. Nevertheless, the Flash Crash took away around $1 trillion in the market value.

Investigation of the 2010 Flash Crash

After the Flash Crash, the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) conducted an investigation of the possible causes of the unexpected market event. In September 2010, the SEC published a report containing the findings of its investigation.

According to the report, before the flash crash, the markets were particularly fragile and were exposed to extreme turbulence. A single selling order of an enormously large amount of E-Mini S&P contracts and subsequent aggressive selling orders executed by high-frequency algorithms triggered the massive decline in market prices, which was already accruing exponentially due to prevailing negative market trends at that time.

The immense volatility compelled many high-frequency traders to halt their trading. The trading of E-Mini S&P contracts was paused to prevent it from further declines. When the trading of the contracts resumed, their prices started to stabilize. The markets started to regain their positions as the prices of many securities returned to near their initial levels.

2010 Flash Crash (2)

The DJIA on May 6, 2010 (11:00 AM – 4:00 PM EST)

After the Flash Crash

The results of different investigations of the 2010 Flash Crash led to conclusions that the high-frequency traders played a significant role in the crash. The aggressive selling and buying of large volumes of securities resulted in enormous price volatility in the financial markets. At minimum, the activities of high-frequency traders exacerbated the effects of the crash.

In 2015, London-based trader Navinder Singh Sarao was arrested following allegations of market manipulation that resulted in the Flash Crash. According to the charges, Sarao’s trading algorithm executed a number of large selling orders of E-Mini S&P contracts to push the prices down, which ultimately triggered the market crash.

Related Readings

Thank you for reading CFI’s explanation of the Flash Crash. CFI offers the Financial Modeling & Valuation Analyst (FMVA)™certification program for those looking to take their careers to the next level. To learn more about related topics, check out the following resources:

2010 Flash Crash (2024)

FAQs

What caused the flash crash of 2010? ›

The results of different investigations of the 2010 Flash Crash led to conclusions that the high-frequency traders played a significant role in the crash. The aggressive selling and buying of large volumes of securities resulted in enormous price volatility in the financial markets.

What was the biggest flash crash in history? ›

One of the most famous examples of a flash crash in recent history occurred on May 6, 2010, beginning shortly after 2:30 p.m.3 During the flash crash, the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) fell more than 1,000 points in 10 minutes—the biggest drop in history at that point.

What happened to Navinder Singh Sarao? ›

Criminal Charges: On November 9, 2016, Navinder Singh Sarao, 41, of Hounslow, United Kingdom, pleaded guilty to one count of wire fraud and one count of spoofing before U.S. District Judge Virginia M.

How much was lost in the flash crash of 2010? ›

The Flash Crash Of May 2010: Accident Or Market Manipulation? On May 6th., 2010, the Dow fell about a thousand points in a half hour and Wall Street lost $800 billion of value.

Who was the Indian trader wiped off $1 trillion dollar? ›

On April 21, 2015, nearly five years after the incident, the U.S. Department of Justice laid 22 criminal counts, including fraud and market manipulation against Navinder Singh Sarao, a British Indian financial trader.

How long does a flash crash last? ›

Table of contents. A flash crash is a sudden and severe drop in the price of a financial asset or market, often followed by a quick recovery. Flash crashes can occur within a matter of minutes or a few hours, and although the market eventually recovers, significant losses can occur.

How much money did Navinder Singh Sarao make? ›

Operating from his parents' bedroom in West London, he used computer algorithms to manipulate markets, amassing $40 million. Sarao's tactics, flooding the market with fake orders, attracted legal scrutiny, resulting in 22 charges and a potential 380-year prison sentence.

What is spoofing in trading? ›

Spoofing is a disruptive algorithmic trading activity employed by traders to outpace other market participants and to manipulate markets. Spoofers feign interest in trading futures, stocks, and other products in financial markets creating an illusion of the demand and supply of the traded asset.

What is a fat finger trade? ›

In the context of financial markets such as the stock market or foreign exchange market, a fat-finger error is an instance where an order to buy or sell is placed of far greater size than intended, for the wrong stock or contract, at the wrong price, or with any number of other input errors.

Who lost the most money in 2008 crash? ›

In Pictures: America's 25 Biggest Billionaire Losers
  • Sheldon Adelson. Rank: 1. Wealth lost in 2008: $24 billion. ...
  • Warren Buffett. Rank: 2. Wealth lost in 2008: $16.5 billion. ...
  • Bill Gates. Rank: 3. ...
  • Kirk Kerkorian. Rank: 4. ...
  • Larry Page. Rank: 5. ...
  • Sergey Brin. Rank: 6. ...
  • Larry Ellison. Rank: 7. ...
  • Steven Ballmer. Rank: 9.
Dec 16, 2008

What is the flash crash of quote stuffing? ›

The goal of quote stuffing is to gain a pricing edge over competitors as it causes them to lose time in processing these orders. Quote stuffing was initially blamed as one of the main drivers of the 2010 “flash crash,” which led the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) to fall 1,000 points within minutes.

What caused the singularity in the flash? ›

The Singularity was an event in Central City caused by the reopening of an unstable wormhole due to Eobard Thawne's future power source, resulting in a destructive black hole that was ultimately stopped by Firestorm's sacrifice with help from The Flash.

What caused the 2015 flash crash? ›

There were rumors that Citigroup had accidentally sold a large basket of European stocks over the market. Later in the afternoon Nasdaq confirmed that the flash crash was due to a very large accidental sell order by a market participant, a so-called fat-finger error.

What was the impact of high frequency trading (HFT) on the flash crash 2010? ›

High Frequency Traders did not cause the Flash Crash. On May 6, HFTs traded the same way as they did on May 3-5: Small inventory, high trading volume, take more liquidity than provide. A large, but short lived imbalance between Fundamental Sellers and Fundamental Buyers appeared.

What caused the 87 market crash? ›

A number of factors contributed to the crash: Economic growth slowed in the first three quarters of 1987 and inflation was rising. Given the recent stagflation experience from the 1970s, investors were jittery. The stock market had declined nearly 10% the week prior to Black Monday which added to investors' fears.

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