Mercenaries: The History of a Norm in International Relations
Sarah Percy
Published:
2007
Online ISBN:
9780191706608
Print ISBN:
9780199214334
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Mercenaries: The History of a Norm in International Relations
Sarah Percy
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Sarah Percy
Pages
68–93
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Published:
October 2007
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Percy, Sarah, '3 The Origins of the Norm against Mercenary Use, 1100–1600', Mercenaries: The History of a Norm in International Relations (
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Abstract
This chapter examines the early origins of the norm against mercenary through three major cases of mercenary use, broadly covering the period that runs from the 12th century through to the 16th century. It looks at mercenaries in France and England from the 12th to the 14th century, with a particular focus on the routiers and écorcheur of 14th-century France. It also discusses Swiss mercenaries from the 13th to the 16th centuries. Finally it looks at Italian mercenaries during the same period. The military enterpriser system in the German states during the Thirty Years War is also considered. These four cases show that the anti-mercenary norm ultimately led to a major shift away from mercenary use by the end of the 17th century. Rulers brought the mercenary trade entirely under the control of the state, eliminating the independent, entrepreneurial mercenary from the international stage. After the 17th century, states bought and sold units of mercenaries or allowed the recruitment of individual mercenaries on their territory under strict licence.
Keywords: anti-mercenary, mercenary, norms, France, England, Switzerland, Germany, Italy
Subject
International Relations
Collection: Oxford Scholarship Online
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