A History of Refrigeration: From Icehouses to Walk-In Coolers - American Cooler Technologies (2024)

A History of Refrigeration: From Icehouses to Walk-In Coolers - American Cooler Technologies (1)We utilize refrigeration technologies every day, even if we don’t always think about it. As our food travels from temperature-controlled trucks to the supermarket display cooler to our in-home refrigerator, we reap the benefits of centuries-old innovations in cooling technology. Let’s take a look at the history of refrigeration to show how the past’s ideas have made life today so much easier.

Before the mechanized fridge came along, humans had to rely on nature to keep food cool. People collected snow and ice in the winter, packing it into cellars or “icehouses” to create a primitive refrigerator. The idea for mechanizing this process was theorized in the mid-1700s, but the first functional prototype didn’t crop up until American John Gorrie built a working cooling unit.

It wouldn’t be until the 1920s that manufacturers started mass-producing electric iceboxes for in-home use. However, many early models used toxic chemicals as a cooling medium, posing health risks to owners. When this was corrected by new models in the 1930s, refrigerators started to become much more commercially successful, enjoying a production boom just after World War II.

As the fridge and the display cooler became ubiquitous throughout the U.S., cooling innovation raced forward. Features like automatic defrosting and ice making surfaced in the 1950s, while the 1970s and 1980s saw design improvements that made refrigeration materials and functionality more environmentally friendly.

These advances set the stage for the sleek features at work in every home fridge and store display cooler we use today. Current home units have built-in freezers and temperature control systems and are made from high-grade steel, copper, and plastic polymers. Coolers used for commercial and industrial applications have programmable thermostats and top-notch insulation, and they can be tailored specifically to cool any kind of product.

We’ve come a long way from collecting snow and ice to fill our icehouses. As cooling technology keeps improving, it makes our food fresher, our lives easier, and our homes healthier.

A History of Refrigeration: From Icehouses to Walk-In Coolers - American Cooler Technologies (2024)

FAQs

What is the history of ice refrigeration? ›

By the end of the 1800s, many American households stored their perishable food in an insulated "icebox" that was usually made of wood and lined with tin or zinc. A large block of ice was stored inside to keep these early refrigerators chilly.

When was the first walk-in refrigerator invented? ›

In 1913, refrigerators for home use were invented. In 1923 Frigidaire introduced the first self-contained unit. The introduction of Freon in the 1920s expanded the refrigerator market during the 1930s.

When did refrigeration start in America? ›

In 1913, American Fred W. Wolf invented the first home electric refrigerator, which featured a refrigeration unit on top of an icebox. Mass production of domestic refrigerators began in 1918 when William C. Durant introduced the first home refrigerator with a self-contained compressor.

What refrigerants are used in walk in coolers? ›

R404A is a widely used hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerant known for its excellent cooling capabilities across a wide temperature range. It has been a popular choice for commercial refrigeration applications, including supermarket freezers, walk-in coolers, and cold storage warehouses.

What is the history of ice coolers? ›

History. The original inventor of the cooler is unknown, with versions becoming available in various parts of the world throughout the 1950s. The portable ice chest was patented in the USA by Richard C. Laramy of Joliet, Illinois.

What was the ancient history of refrigeration? ›

Around 400 BCE, the Persian Empire began constructing yakhchāl, an ancient above-ground ice house capable of storing ice for years. Some remain standing today! This is the first example of humans developing ways to store cold, refreshing ice. Fun fact: present-day Iranians refer to modern refrigerators as yakhchāl.

What was the old name for the refrigerator? ›

It wasn't until the early 1860s that Americans were introduced to the icebox, an early precursor of the refrigerator. Tim Buszka, a senior associate product marketing manager with the Whirlpool Corporation, says the icebox became more commonplace for middle and upper-class families in the 1890s.

How did people get ice before freezers? ›

In the 1800s, people began harvesting ice in huge blocks cut from lakes and ponds in New England then shipping it all over the world by barge or railroad. By the 1860s, access to ice transformed the way meat and produce were stored and transported in the United States.

Can a freezer be used as a fridge? ›

Yes, you can, as it can be a cost-effective and energy-efficient solution for businesses with limited space and budget. However, it's essential to consider the advantages and disadvantages, safety considerations, and tips for making the most of this option.

How did people keep food cold before fridges? ›

Community cooling houses were an integral part of many villages to keep meat, fruit and vegetables stored. At various points in time ice houses were built often underground or as insulated buildings – these were used to store ice and snow sourced during winter, to keep foods cold during the warmer months.

What was used in refrigerators before freon? ›

Refrigerators from the late 1800s until 1929 used the toxic gases, ammonia (NH3), methyl chloride (CH3Cl), and sulfur dioxide (SO2), as refrigerants. Several fatal accidents occurred in the 1920s because of methyl chloride leakage from refrigerators.

What replaced Freon in refrigerators? ›

Puron, also known as R-410A; Suva; Forane; and EcoFluor, was approved by the EPA as a substitute for Freon. It's much easier on the ozone than Freon. Additionally, Puron systems operate under higher pressure and use less energy overall than Freon systems, further increasing their environmental friendliness.

Do walk in coolers use a lot of electricity? ›

5hp is the typical power requirement for an industrial walk-in cooler, and around 1 hp for a walk-in freezer.

What is the best insulation for a walk in cooler? ›

There are several types of insulation you can use in your walk-in cooler. We recommend using rigid foam whenever possible -- polyisocyanurate on the walls and ceiling and extruded polystyrene on the floor. This guide tells you how to work with our recommended rigid foam insulation.

Who invented the ice refrigerator? ›

In 1844, an American physician, John Gorrie, built a refrigerator based on Oliver Evans' design to make ice to cool the air for his yellow fever patients.

How did they get ice before refrigeration? ›

People cut ice from lakes using hand saws. Eventually they started using horse drawn machinery to cut ice, but it was still hard and dangerous work. People in cities also became accustomed to ice as an everyday necessity, and eventually, naturally harvested ice was eventually replaced by ice made in factories.

What is the history of the ice organization? ›

In response to the 9/11 tragedy, lawmakers gave ICE a unique combination of civil and criminal authorities to protect national security and strengthen public safety. With those authorities, ICE quickly became a powerful and sophisticated federal law enforcement agency.

How long did ice last in an icebox? ›

Iceboxes were commonly found in homes. Similar to our modern day refrigerators, these ice and food storage devices acted as coolers. Of course the insulation was less sophisticated than what's available today, and even large blocks of ice typically only lasted for one day.

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