An Introduction to the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) (2024)

An Introduction to the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) (3)

Encryption is a huge part of modern software engineering. This is true both of data within our own systems, but also encryption of data we send or receive with network requests, to ensure the security of data in flight and the validity of data received from other services.

Most modern languages have libraries or built-in functionality that can be used to implement encryption for us, so knowing the ins-and-outs in depth isn’t necessarily a prerequisite of working in parts of your system that use encryption. That said, it’s always good to know the basics of what the code we write actually does, so the goal of this article is to introduce concepts so you understand what the library code you’re using is doing under the hood.

For example, I wrote code that looks something like this, so wanted to know what all the pieces meant and were doing.

from Crypto import Random
from Crypto.Cipher import AES
from Crypto.Util.Padding import pad
def encrypt(value, key):
value = value.encode('ascii')
iv = Random.new().read(AES.block_size)
cipher = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CBC, iv)
ciphertext = cipher.encrypt(pad(bytes(value, encoding='utf8'), size))
return iv + ciphertext

Let’s dive in!

An Introduction to the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) (2024)

FAQs

What is the AES Advanced Encryption Standard? ›

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is an algorithm that uses the same key to encrypt and decrypt protected data. Instead of a single round of encryption, data is put through several rounds of substitution, transposition, and mixing to make it harder to compromise.

How hard is it to crack AES? ›

Is AES-256 Encryption Crackable? AES-256 encryption is virtually uncrackable using any brute-force method. It would take millions of years to break it using the current computing technology and capabilities. However, no encryption standard or system is completely secure.

What is the advanced encryption standard AES Quizlet? ›

AES is a symmetric block cipher that is intended to replace DES as the approved standard for a wide range of applications. AES operations are performed in _ bit bytes. 8. Key Expansion. Routine used to generate a series of Round Keys from the Cipher Key.

Has AES 128 been cracked? ›

A machine that can crack a DES key in a second would take 149 trillion years to crack a 128-bit AES key. Hence, it is safe to say that AES-128 encryption is safe against brute-force attacks. AES has never been cracked yet and it would take large amounts of computational power to crack this key.

What is AES and how does it work? ›

AES uses multiple cryptographic keys, each of which undergoes multiple rounds of encryption to better protect the data and ensure its confidentiality and integrity. All key lengths can be used to protect Confidential and Secret level information.

Is AES still secure? ›

Is AES encryption secure? AES encryption is secure; however, its security varies according to its variants. For example, using brute-force methods, the 256-bit is virtually impenetrable, while the 52-bit DES key can be cracked in less than a day.

Has anyone broken AES 256? ›

AES-256 is unbreakable by brute force

Data protected by AES 256 is unbreakable by brute force. It is the strongest encryption and is almost impossible to break. A brute force attack is when a hacker checks different key combinations until he/she arrives at the correct combination.

How long does it take to crack 256 AES? ›

With the right quantum computer, AES-128 would take about 2.61*10^12 years to crack, while AES-256 would take 2.29*10^32 years. For reference, the universe is currently about 1.38×10^10 years old, so cracking AES-128 with a quantum computer would take about 200 times longer than the universe has existed.

Is AES still unbreakable? ›

The primary reason AES 256 is considered unbreakable is the sheer number of possible encryption key combinations. With a 256-bit key size, there are 2^256 possible key combinations, making it practically impossible for an attacker to guess the correct key and decrypt the ciphertext.

What is the strongest AES encryption? ›

AES 256-bit encryption is the strongest and most robust encryption standard that is commercially available today.

What typically uses AES for encryption? ›

A few of the most common uses of AES encryption include: VPNs: The job of a virtual private network (VPN) is to provide secure and private online browsing. Since this process connects users to different servers, AES encryption is used to protect user data against leaks and cyberattacks.

What is the best Advanced Encryption Standard? ›

AES-256 is considered to be quantum resistant, as it has similar quantum resistance to AES-128's resistance against traditional, non-quantum, attacks at 128 bits of security. AES-192 and AES-128 are not considered quantum resistant due to their smaller key sizes.

Can the NSA crack AES? ›

The AES made its first appearance in 2001 and is expected to remain strong and durable for at least a decade. But if the NSA has secretly built a computer that is considerably faster than machines in the unclassified arena, then the agency has a chance of breaking the AES in a much shorter time.

Can a quantum computer break AES? ›

AES is considered secure against classical computers, but it is vulnerable to quantum attacks. To understand why AES is vulnerable to quantum attacks, it is important to understand how the algorithm works. AES uses a key to encrypt and decrypt data. The key is typically 128 bits, 192 bits, or 256 bits in length.

How long would it take a quantum computer to crack AES-256? ›

A 256-bit encryption is considered to be highly secure and it would take classical computers millions of years to crack it. However, quantum computers could potentially crack this level of encryption in mere seconds or minutes.

Is AES the strongest encryption? ›

AES 256-bit encryption is the strongest and most robust encryption standard that is commercially available today. While it is theoretically true that AES 256-bit encryption is harder to crack than AES 128-bit encryption, AES 128-bit encryption has never been cracked.

Where is AES commonly used? ›

The AES algorithm is widely used in a variety of applications, including wireless security, processor security, file encryption, and SSL/TLS. AES encryption is used regularly by federal government departments as well as non-government entities, commercial firms, and organizations, to secure sensitive data.

Is AES safer than RSA? ›

Securing file storage: AES is preferable due to its faster encryption and decryption speeds, making it suitable for encrypting large amounts of data. Secure communications: RSA is typically used for key exchange in SSL/TLS protocols, ensuring a secure channel for data transmission between clients and servers.

Is AES good security? ›

AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is a symmetric block cipher algorithm that encrypts data in blocks of 128 bits using cipher keys of 128, 192, or 256 bits. It is considered secure against all known attacks and is widely adopted as a standard for encrypting electronic data.

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