Antenna Testing Methods (2024)

There are several ways to test an antenna, but the most common method is to use a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). A vector network analyzer (VNA) is a type of electronic test equipment used to characterize the electrical performance of antennas.

A VNA can measure the antenna's impedance and radiation characteristics, such as gain, directivity, and polarization. It can also measure the antenna's input impedance, return loss, and VSWR (voltage standing wave ratio). The VNA can be used to determine if the antenna is operating correctly and to make adjustments to the antenna's performance. Additionally, it can be used to compare multiple antennas to determine which one is performing better.

To test an antenna with VNA, first:

• Connect the VNA to the antenna. Connect the VNA port 1 to the antenna, and the VNA port 2 to the ground.
• Set the VNA to the appropriate frequency range. Depending on the type of antenna being tested, the VNA should be set to the appropriate frequency range.
• Select the appropriate measurement type. For antenna testing, the common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) should be used.
• Take measurements. Once the correct frequency range and measurement type have been set, the VNA should be used to take measurements of the antenna.
• Analyze the results. The VNA will output a graph or table of the antenna’s CMRR at different frequencies. This will allow the antenna’s performance to be evaluated and compared to the manufacturer's specifications.

Some other methods for testing an antenna include using an SWR meter, a signal generator, and a spectrum analyzer.

SWR Meter:

An SWR meter measures the standing wave ratio, which is the ratio of the amplitude of the incident (incoming) wave to the amplitude of the reflected (returning) wave in an electrical transmission line. The SWR is a measure of how well the antenna is matched to the transmission line and the transmitter. To use an SWR meter, first, connect the meter to the transmission line, and then transmit a signal through the antenna. The meter will display the SWR, which should be as close to 1.0 as possible for the antenna to be working properly.

Signal Generator:

A signal generator is a device that generates an electrical signal at a specific frequency. To use a signal generator to test an antenna, first, connect the generator to the antenna, and then set the generator to the desired frequency. Next, transmit a signal through the antenna and measure the signal strength at the other end of the transmission line using a device such as an oscilloscope or a power meter. The signal strength should be within the expected range for the antenna to be working properly.

Spectrum Analyzer:

A spectrum analyzer is a device that measures the spectral content of an electrical signal. To use a spectrum analyzer to test an antenna, first, connect the analyzer to the antenna, and then transmit a signal through the antenna. The analyzer will display the spectral content of the signal, which should be within the expected range for the antenna to be working properly.