There are many things you can do to help yourself in the event of an earthquake. Generally, an earthquake is divided into three stages: before, during, and after. Know what to do in each stage.
Before
- Develop a family earthquake plan. Prepare yourself and your home by completing the activities on this checklist.
- Decide how and where your family will reunite if separated.
- Choose an out-of-area friend or relative who separated family members can call after the quake to report their whereabouts and condition.
- Know the safe spots in each room: under sturdy tables, desks, or against inside walls.
- Know the danger spots: windows, mirrors, hanging objects, fireplaces and tall, unsecured furniture.
- Conduct practice drills. Physically place yourself in safe locations.
- Learn first aid and CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) from your local American Red Cross chapter or other community organization.
- Keep a list of emergency phone numbers.
- Learn how to shut off gas, water and electricity in case the lines are damaged. (Safety note: Do not attempt to relight a gas pilot).
- Secure water heaters and appliances that could move enough to rupture lines.
- Secure heavy furniture, hanging plants, heavy pictures or mirrors.
- Keep flammable or hazardous liquids in cabinets or on lower shelves.
- Maintain emergency food, water and other supplies, including a flashlight, a portable battery-operated radio, extra batteries, medicines, first aid kit and clothing.
During
- If indoors, stay there and take cover under a table, desk, or other sturdy furniture.
- Face away from windows and glass doors.
- A doorway without a door is an acceptable location in which to stand.
- Lie, kneel or sit near a structurally sound interior wall or corner away from windows, brick fireplaces, glass walls, etc.
- Protect your head and body from falling or flying objects.
- Remain where you are until shaking stops. Think out your plan of action first, then move.
- Know exit routes if in a commercial building. Take cover and don't move until the shaking stops.
- If outside, get into an open area away from trees, buildings, walls and power lines.
- Lie down or crouch low to maintain balance.
- Get to the best available shelter if there is no open area available.
- If driving, stop safely as soon as possible. Stay inside your vehicle until the shaking stops.
- Do not stop your vehicle under overpasses or bridges.
- Stay below window level in your vehicle.
- Turn off the engine and turn on the radio. Follow emergency instructions.
- Stay in the vehicle if downed power lines have fallen across it. Do not touch metal. Wait for help. You might be able to back away from lines.
- If you have to leave your vehicle, move to an open area quickly.
After
- Check for injuries. Render first aid. Do not move seriously injured victims unless they are in immediate danger. Do not use the telephone immediately unless there is a serious injury, fire or other emergency. Hunt for hazards.
- Check for other hazards and control them (fire, chemical spills, toxic fumes and possible collapse).
- Check utilities (water, gas, electric). If there is damage, turn the utility off at the source.
- Check for other hazards and control them (fire, chemical spills, toxic fumes and possible collapse).
- Check building for cracks and damage, including roof, chimneys, and foundation.
- Check food and water supplies.
- Emergency water can be obtained from water heaters, melted ice cubes, canned vegetables, and toilet tanks.
- Never use matches, lighters or candles inside.
- Turn on the radio and listen for emergency broadcasts/announcements, news reports, and instructions. Cooperate with public safety officials.
- Do not use your vehicle unless there is an emergency. Keep the streets clear for emergency vehicles.
- If buildings are suspect, set up your shelter area away from damage.
- Work with your neighbors for a quicker recovery. Stay calm and lend a hand to others.
- Be prepared for aftershocks.
- Plan for evacuation in case events make this necessary. Leave written messages for other family members or searchers.
- Use gloves, wear heavy shoes, and have adequate and appropriate clothing available.
