This word is a student’s best friend and a concertgoer’s most dreaded nightmare. Take these two examples of words that might appear on signs:
Snow day: School canceled.
Drummer has food poisoning: Performance cancelled.
So which spelling is correct? The answer depends on where you call home.
Canceled or cancelled is the past tense of the verb to cancel. Both spellings are correct; Americans favor canceled (one l), while cancelled (two l’s) is preferred in British English and other dialects. Canceling/cancelling and canceler/canceller follow the same pattern. However, cancelation is rarely used (though technically correct), and cancellation is by far the more widely used spelling, no matter where you are.
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For a more in-depth explanation of the spellings and the exceptions, keep reading.
Why cancelled and canceled are different
Let’s get into the nitty-gritty. Way back when, a man named Noah Webster (of Webster’s Dictionary fame) decided that some words could get along just fine without as many letters as our friends the Brits put in them. That’s why many American spellings look different from their British counterparts: Think color/colour, honor/honour, rumor/rumour.
Here’s a tip:
American English is all about one l, and British English goes for two.
For similar word-shortening reasons, Mr. Webster decided to chop the past tense of cancel down to one l. This variation first showed up in the 1828 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, though it didn’t fully beat out the double-l spelling until about the 1980s. It’s not a hard-and-fast rule, but it’s the accepted form in American English to this day.
Cancelled vs. canceled: American examples
“The route with the highest percentage of canceled flights last year was New York LaGuardia to Washington’s Dulles International.” —The Wall Street Journal
“Is your favorite TV show canceled? A guide to what’s renewed and what’s in trouble. —The Washington Post
And some extra-American examples:
Mom and Pop couldn’t muster enough apples to bake a nice, warm apple pie, so they went ahead and canceled the county barbecue.
The dudes running the show in Hollywood would never think of canceling the next blockbuster superhero film.
Since the automatic canceler stopped all electronic signals as soon as the tornado weather started, it looks like we’ll have to go surfing.
However, for any Briton, cancelled has two l’s and always will.
Cancelled vs. canceled: British examples
“At the end of one of its most difficult weeks of the year, British Airways cancelled 50 flights to and from London on Saturday, the vast majority at Heathrow Terminal 5.” —The Independent
“Downton Abbey will not be cancelled after fifth season, producer confirms.” —The Independent
The Beatles never cancelled a gig just because they didn’t get a nice cup of tea beforehand.
The blokes at the theatre will be cancelling the programme today due to the Queen’s visit.
Since the neighbour’s pyjama party was cancelled, let’s queue for some fish and chips at the pub, mate.
Brilliant, eh?
Spelling exception: cancellation
Now that we’ve traveled (and not travelled, thanks to the same rule) through the spelling rules of British vs. American English, let’s look at the exception. Yes, there’s always an exception.
Here’s a tip:
The word cancellation is solidly spelled with two l’s, no matter where you are.
Because sugar makes students too hyper, the principal has called for the cancellation of cotton candy sales before classes.
As sugar makes students a wee bit barmy, the headmaster has demanded the cancellation of candy floss purchases prior to modules.
“Flight cancellations have piled up deeper than snow drifts this winter. —The Wall Street Journal
Think of it like this: When you turn the verb cancel into the past tense, the word stays the same number of syllables (two), so it’s a matter of location whether you use two l’s or one. The -ation that turns the word into a noun, on the other hand, puts adds two whole new syllables after the l. The double l is a like a bridge to those new syllables. At least, that’s one way to keep your l’s in line.
Now you can consider your confusion about these words canceled. Cheers!
