Where can I find a good example of an inventory
Although we can't disclose evidence from specific dispute cases, theAssociation of Independent Inventory Clerkshas some good examples of different layouts and approaches.
What kinds of evidence can I submit?
You can submit different types of evidence, depending on what the claim is for. Here are some of the most common examples of what we accept:
- Signed check-in and check-out inventory reports
- Signed tenancy agreement
- Signed reports of periodic inspections of the property
- Invoices, estimates, receipts and quotes
- A statement of the rent account
- Date stamped photos or video recordings. If you choose to submit a video recording, please make sure you clearly guide the adjudicator around the house, explaining which room you are in
- Copies of any correspondence between the landlord and tenant
- Witness statements
- Screenshots for texts and WhatsApp messages
To give your claim the best chance of success, you should at the very least provide a copy of the tenancy agreement, and check-in and check-out report. If you'd like more information about each of the evidence examples above, head over to our 'What makes good evidence page'.
Signatures on inventories, inspections and check-outs
The tenant signature is the most important as it confirms their agreement to the condition at the time. If the tenant hasn’t signed and returned the inventory, evidence such as an email or proof of postage, shows that they were provided it and given the opportunity to respond may be useful.
It's also useful to get tenants to sign inspection reports. If they refuse to sign the check-out, make sure to submit the report and supporting evidence anyway. The adjudicator will make the decision based on the evidence provided, not solely on the presence of the tenant’s signature on the check-out report.
If a tenant sends an email or text message to confirm they agree with the check-out report, that’s acceptable evidence for the adjudicator.
Deposit protection during the coronavirus crisis – your questions answered
To help provide some consistency and reassurance during the pandemic, the three tenancy deposit schemes have agreed acommon approach to a number of scenariosrelating to end of tenancy arrangements. We've also gathered your top questions relating to a variety of activities during this time including tenancies, deposit protection and disputes and shared our answershere.
The burden of proof
Many landlords don’t realise that the onus is on them to prove they have a legitimate claim to a share of the deposit, whilst the tenant has no obligation to prove their position. This is because the deposit remains the tenant’s money until the landlord has successfully proven their claim.
Landlords submit their evidence in support of their claim and tenants provide their own evidence supporting their position in response. It’s then sent to an independent, impartial adjudicator, who reviews the evidence and decides how the deposit will be repaid.
What is betterment?
The landlord should not end up, either financially or materially, in a better position than they were at start of the tenancy, or than they would have otherwise been at the end of the tenancy after having allowed for fair wear and tear.
Put in simple terms, if a carpet was brand new at the start of the tenancy, and the tenancy lasted for two years, it would be a two-year-old carpet at the end of the tenancy. If it was damaged beyond repair and the landlord was claiming the full cost of replacing the carpet, this would lead to betterment.
Inventories and check-outs
Preparing for a deposit dispute starts at the beginning of a tenancy, with a great inventory and check-in report. An inventory can help avoid a dispute over the deposit when tenants move out, because it proves what state the property was in when the tenants moved in. Learn more about getting your inventories right every time.
We also asked our expert adjudicators what makes the best check-in evidence when entering a dispute, so we pulled together ashort videoto help you get off to the best possible start.
When it comes to the end of the tenancy, the check-out is vitally important. It's a chance for all parties to review the condition of the property and have an open and honest conversation about the deposit and agree on any deductions. We have an easy to follow three step processto make 'moving out' seamless.
When to perform periodic inspections and what to look for
As a landlord, it’s vital that you carry out inspections on your rental property throughout the year. It’s a good way to make sure the property is being looked after by your tenants and to see if there’s any maintenance needed on the property.
Landlords have the right to enter their property to carry out an inspection, if they give their tenants at least 24 hours’ written notice and the tenants grant access. A landlord can only enter a property without a tenant’s permission in an “emergency” situation.
Regular checks throughout the year are vital. They allow the landlord to check on general wear and tear, highlight if any repairs are needed and more importantly make sure the tenants are looking after the property. On the other hand, don’t do checks too often – an overprotective landlord runs the risk of upsetting their tenants. Seasonal inspections are more than enough to make sure everything is running smoothly.
Fair wear and tear
Adjudicators can only fall back on the legal definition of fair wear and tear, which is the "reasonable operation of natural forces". As there are so many variable factors which affect fair wear and tear, we look at the evidence presented to us to make a reasonable conclusion as to what we believe has happened.
Landlords can only claim for excessive wear and tear, as it would be considered a claim for damages. This is particularly important in disputes where the tenant has lived in the property for a long time. For example, the adjudicator is unlikely to make an award for a claim for redecoration costs where the tenant has lived in the property for five or more years, as the landlord would probably have needed to redecorate anyway, regardless of anything the tenant has done.
Here are some useful life expectancy guides:
