Every organism needs energy. They need it to grow and breathe. They get their energy from an ecosystem.
An
ecosystem
is like a community. It is made up of living and nonliving things. These include soil, plants and animals.
An
ecosystem
gets energy from the sun. Then, plants use sunlight to make biomass. That is a type of energy. It is the energy in living
organisms
.
Next, animals get energy from eating plants. Other animals get it from eating other animals. The energy moves all the way up the food chain. A
food chain
is like a path. It's how energy moves through an
ecosystem
.
Producers and Consumers
Food chains
have different levels. These are calledtrophic levels.
Plants are at the bottom level. These
organisms
are called primary producers. They make their own food. Plants use photosynthesis. They do this with help from the sun. They use the sun, soil, air, and water to make nutrients. This is how plants turn the sun's energy into energy that living things can use.
The next level is made up of primary consumers. These are
organisms
that cannot make their own food. They have to eat other living things. They eat
producers
. Some
consumers
only eat plants. Others eat plants and animals.
The third level contains secondary consumers. They eat the
primary
consumers
.
Organisms
at this level include carnivores. These are animals that only eat other animals. They are also called predators.
Organisms
in the next level are called tertiary consumers. They eat the
secondary
consumers
.
Moving Energy from One Level to the Next
Only so much biomass, or energy, can move from one trophic level to the next.Energy is lost at each step along the food chain.
An energy pyramid is a good way to think about energy loss. It shows you how energy moves from one level to the next. Each step of the pyramid is a different level. Producers are at the bottom. Tertiary consumers are at the top.
The size of the step relates to the amount of energy at each level. The steps get smaller as you go up the pyramid. That is because more energy is lost at each level. Eventually, the steps cannot get any smaller. So, the pyramid ends.
Only 10 percent of energy moves from one level to the next. This idea is called the 10 percent rule. Let's say a primary consumer eats a producer">primary producer. The consumer only gets 10 percent of the producer's energy. For example, aninsect eats a plant. The insect only gets 10 percent of the energy from the plant. The animal that eats the insect would only get 10 percent of the energy from the insect.This continues all the way up the food chain.
