Let’s say you and your team want to do something ambitious, like launch a rocket into space. To do so, you’ll need to structure your work: from the largest objectives down to the minute details. You’ll want to be able to respond to change, report your progress, and stick to a plan. Epics, stories,and initiatives are precisely the tools you’ll need to do so.
By understanding how these popular Agileand DevOps methodologies help organize work, your team can strike a healthy balance between structure, flexibility, and launching rockets into space.
What are stories, epics, and initiatives?
- Stories, also called “user stories,” are short requirements or requests written from the perspective of an end user.
- Epics are large bodies of work that can be broken down into a number of smaller tasks (called stories).
- Initiatives are collections of epics that drive toward a common goal.
Agile epic vs. story
In a sense, stories and epics in agile are similar to stories and epics in film or literature. A story is one simple narrative; a series of related and interdependent stories makes up an epic. The same is true for your work management, where the completion of related stories leads to the completion of an epic. The stories tell the arc of the work completed while the epic shares a high-level view of the unifying objective.
On an agile team, stories are something the team can commit to finish within a one- or two-week sprint. Oftentimes, developers would work on dozens of stories a month. Epics, in contrast, are few in number and take longer to complete. Teams often have two or three epics they work to complete each quarter.
If your company was launching rockets into space, and wanted to improve the streaming service for your launches, you might structure your stories like the ones below.
Examples of an agile story:
- iPhone users need access to a vertical view of the live feed when using the mobile app.
- Desktop users need a “view fullscreen” button in the lower right hand corner of the video player.
- Android users need to be linked to apple store.
Learn how to configure stories (called issues) in Jira
The above stories are all related, and could all be considered individual tasks that drive toward the completion of a larger body of work (an epic). In this case, the epic might be “Improve Streaming Service for Q1 Launch.”
Organizing work into stories and epics also helps you and your team communicate effectively within the organization. If you were reporting your team’s progress to the Head of Engineering, you’d be speaking in epics. If you were talking to a colleague on your development team, you’d speak at the story level.
For complete definitions, examples and best practices, see:
- The Agile Coach: Epics
- The Agile Coach: Stories
Agile epic vs. initiative
In the same way that epics are made up of stories, initiatives are made up of epics. Initiatives offer another level of organization above epics. In many cases, an initiative compiles epics from multiple teams to achieve a much broader, bigger goal than any of the epics themselves. While an epic is something you might complete in a month or a quarter, initiatives are often completed in multiple quarters to a year.
Example of epics in an initiative:
Let’s say your rocket ship company wants to decrease the cost per launch by 5% this year. That’s a great fit for an initiative, as no single epic could likely achieve that big of a goal. Within that initiative, there would be epics such as, “Decrease launch-phase fuel consumption by 1%,” “Increase launches per quarter from 3 to 4,” and “Turn all thermostats down from 71 to 69 degrees #Dadmode.”
At Atlassian:
Internally, we call our initiatives “PC Tickets.” Project Central tickets are configured in Jira just like our epics. Each team takes their four or five most important goals for the year and makes PC tickets for each one. These PC tickets are used by the founders and management to understand all the work being done in the company.Check out our free jira project management template, inspired by our own agile practices.
NEXT:Learn how to configure Agile Epics
Beyond initiatives
In many organizations, the founders or leadership team encourage the pursuit of some aspirational destination. These are the (sometimes super corny) goals announced each year or quarter.Initiatives are typically collections of epics, but youcan alsouse custom fields orlabels to categorize by team, strategic pillar, or timeframe, andcreate a custom hierarchy to better align work tohigher-level organizational goals.
Many Atlassian customers leveragePlans, an advanced planning feature in Jira,to introducefive levels aboveagile epicsto define and guide projects, which are shown below.
See howTwitter unified projects and teamwork with Jira:Read thefull story
At Atlassian: When theCloud Foundations division needed visibility of work across a division with hundreds of engineers, theyturned toJira’s advanced planning featureto solve a key challenge that organizations facewith distributed teams.Connecting their projects together within a shared delivery plan in Jira, they couldsee the big picture, track progress, and easily share data with stakeholders.
This is what advanced planning with Jira looks like for the Atlassian Cloud Foundations division. Read more
Structuring work
Being agile and embracing structure are not mutually exclusive, and the structure laid out here is not one size fits all. Success is when you and your team understand these concepts and adapt them to your needs. For us, that's stories, epics, and initiatives.
You can get started by learning how to set up Epics in Jiraand then learn more about how to strategically plan and track work across multiple teams withPlans in Jira.
Related resources
- Project Management Resources
- Project Planning Resources
- Product Launch Resources
- Project Management Go-To-Market Strategies
- Resource Management Resources
- Task-Tracking Resources
- Software Project Management
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Max Rehkopf
As a self-proclaimed “chaos muppet” I look to agile practicesand lean principles to bring order to my everyday. It’s a joy of mine to share these lessons with others through the many articles,talks, and videos I make forAtlassian
