NEA News
According to new NEA reports, despite record-level salary increases in some states, average teacher pay has failed to keep up with inflation.
Justin Sullivan/Getty Images
By:Tim Walker, Senior Writer
Published: April 30, 2024
Key Takeaways
- The national average public school teacher salary rose to $69,544 in 2022-23, a 4.1 percent increase over the previous year, according to the 2024 NEA Rankings and Estimates report.
- Adjusted for inflation, however, on average, teachers are making 5.3 percent less than they did 10 years ago.
- The "union advantage" is very real. Teachers earn 26 percent more, on average, in states with collective bargaining, according to the 2024 NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark report.
In 2022, Mississippi educators were thrilled whenstate legislators approved the largest pay increase in the state’s history, providing teachers with an average salary increase of about $5,100—a jump of more than 10 percent. The bill also included a $2,000 increase for teacher assistants.
The increases, which went into effect in the 2022-23 school year, promised to lift the state out of the basem*nt in national rankings of teacher pay.
“It was historic and has made a big difference in our teachers’ lives,” said Erica Jones, president of the Mississippi Association of Educators.“I think more educators will stay. We’re finally competitive with some of our neighboring states.”
Mississippi is just one of many states that, thanks to the tireless activism of educators, have significantly raised teacher pay. These efforts have helped increase the average teacher salary nationwide, according to reports by the National Education Association released this week.
The new 2024 NEA Rankings and Estimates report finds that the national average public school teacher salary increased to $69,544 in 2022-23, a 4.1 percent increase over the previous year. This represents the largest year-over-year teacher pay increase in more than a decade.
The largest increases were in New Mexico (17.2 percent), Mississippi (11.4 percent), and Alabama (8.2 percent).
Meanwhile, the NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark report finds that the national average starting teacher salary increased 3.9 percent to $44,530—the largest increase in the 14 years that NEA has been tracking teacher salary benchmarks.
Despite this undeniable progress, NEA’s data (in addition to the benchmark and Rankings and Estimates reports, NEA also released two related reports on higher education faculty pay and education support professionals earnings) presents a sobering national picture.
While teacher salaries are heading in the right direction, the growth has not yet made up for many years of underinvestment in educator pay. When adjusted for inflation, teachers are making 5 percent less than they did 10 years ago and 9 percent less than they did in 2009-2010, when average teacher salaries peaked. Starting teachers are making $4,273 below 2008-2009 levels.
As prices have grown faster than paychecks, the benefits of salary increases have been neutralized. To boost standards of living, increases in pay need to consistently exceed the rate of inflation.
Most educators are still accustomed to at best marginal raises. Making ends meet continues to be a challenge and teachers are often forced to take on extra jobs. Sometimes they move to better-paying districts. Frequently they may decide to exit the profession altogether, their dissatisfaction compounded by alack of support and poor working conditions.
“While some elected leaders are doing what is right,” said NEA President Becky Pringle, “too many students remain in schools where decision-makers have driven away quality educators by failing to provide competitive salaries and support, disrespecting the profession, and placing extraordinary pressure on individual educators to do more and more with less and less.”
Chronically Low Salaries
According to the Rankings and Estimates report, the highest average teacher salaries are found in California ($95,160), New York ($92,696) and Massachusetts ($92,307). The lowest salaries are in West Virginia ($52,870), Florida ($53,098), and South Dakota ($53,153).
The Salary Benchmark Report, which provides information from over 12,000 local school districts on starting teacher salaries and salaries at other points of the teaching career continuum, reveals that on average, the top of the teacher pay scale is $81,026. But reaching that level usually requires a Ph.D. or 15 to 30 graduate credit hours beyond a master’s degree, and often requires 25 to 30 years of professional teaching experience.
Teacher salaries top out over $100,000 in only 16.6 percent of U.S. school districts.
In most districts, new teachers will have to climb a tall ladder to get anywhere near the top of the salary schedule. A staggering 77 percent of school districts still pay a starting salary below $50,000 and 28.6 percent start out teachers at less than $40,000.
Education support professionals (ESPs)—school bus drivers, cafeteria workers, paraeducators, custodial workers, clerical staff and others—are facing even greater financial pressures. Almost 38 percent of all full-time K-12 support professionals earn less than $25,000 annually. Again, skyrocketing cost of living has nullified any gains in their wages.
According to the NEA ESP earnings report, average earnings for support staff rose from $31,223 in 2013‐14 to $35,995 in 2022‐23. However, when adjusted for inflation, the average earnings for ESP fell from $31,223 to $28,149 in constant 2014 dollars.
Educator Pay in Your State
-
Alabama
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$60,441
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#23
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$69,544
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#31
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
69¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$57,392
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$12,536
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#41
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$29,768
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#40
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$42,380
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#35
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$89,982
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#32
in the nation
-
Alaska
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$51,207
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#6
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$76,371
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#10
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
83¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$76,425
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$20,535
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#11
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$42,118
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#3
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$45,534
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#19
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$86,089
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#39
in the nation
-
Arizona
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$44,124
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#21
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$60,275
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#32
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
67¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$63,003
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$11,321
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#48
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$30,199
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#37
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$44,634
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#24
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$100,447
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#18
in the nation
-
Arkansas
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$37,907
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#48
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$54,309
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#45
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
76¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$55,807
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$12,482
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#43
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$29,177
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#42
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$39,243
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#45
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$76,844
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#49
in the nation
-
California
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$55,283
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#4
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$95,160
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#1
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
81¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$68,182
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$17,869
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#17
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$39,877
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#6
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$50,858
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#3
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$129,096
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#1
in the nation
-
Colorado
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$39,044
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#46
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$60,775
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#29
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
63¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$65,605
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$15,751
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#24
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$33,424
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#23
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$47,601
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#13
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$97,557
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#22
in the nation
-
Connecticut
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$48,784
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#13
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$83,400
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#6
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
82¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$84,392
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$24,053
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#5
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$40,285
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#5
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$53,022
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#1
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$114,753
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#5
in the nation
-
Delaware
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$45,188
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#20
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$68,787
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#16
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
88¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$71,499
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$17,048
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#18
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$44,237
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#1
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$45,139
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#20
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$118,805
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#3
in the nation
-
Florida
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$47,178
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#16
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$53,098
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#50
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
80¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$58,970
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$12,488
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#42
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$32,127
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#27
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$41,778
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#38
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$102,927
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#15
in the nation
-
Georgia
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$41,148
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#39
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$64,461
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#20
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
72¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$58,205
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$14,083
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#31
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$30,219
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#36
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$39,878
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#42
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$91,359
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#31
in the nation
-
Hawaii
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$50,123
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#9
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$70,947
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#14
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
86¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$100,150
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$20,040
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#13
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$39,221
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#8
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$46,333
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#18
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$114,793
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#4
in the nation
-
Idaho
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$41,179
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#36
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$56,365
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#40
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
74¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$57,989
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$9,599
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#51
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$26,628
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#50
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$38,370
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#48
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$81,964
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
$43
in the nation
-
Illinois
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$43,515
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#24
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$73,916
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#12
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
76¢
See AlsoHow To Deal With Teacher Shortages At Your SchoolSurvey: Teachers Work More Hours Per Week Than Other Working Adults | NEA6 Student Loans for TeachersExpert financial planning tips and tricks for teachersCompared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$63,247
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$20,861
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#8
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$34,844
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#17
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$44,209
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#26
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$99,661
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#20
in the nation
-
Indiana
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$42,735
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#28
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$57,015
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#36
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
78¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$60,485
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$12,732
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#39
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$30,450
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#32
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$41,923
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#37
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$97,904
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#21
in the nation
-
Iowa
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$39,986
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#44
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$61,231
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#28
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
83¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$62,432
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$13,366
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#37
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$29,649
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#41
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$47,374
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#16
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$105,996
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#10
in the nation
-
Kansas
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$41,200
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#35
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$56,481
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#39
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
76¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$59,943
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$14,221
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#30
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$27,024
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#48
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$41,931
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#36
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$87,052
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#37
in the nation
-
Kentucky
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$39,204
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#45
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$56,296
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#41
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
76¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$57,026
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$13,599
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#33
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$27,053
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#47
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$40,917
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#39
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$81,062
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#44
in the nation
-
Louisiana
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$45,593
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#19
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$54,248
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#46
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
72¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$59,957
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$16,297
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#21
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$28,640
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#43
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$43,253
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#28
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$76,009
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#51
in the nation
-
Maine
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$41,163
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#37
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$59,964
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#33
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
77¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$67,241
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$20,838
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#9
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$31,363
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#29
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$39,061
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#47
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$89,056
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#34
in the nation
-
Maryland
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$51,548
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#5
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$79,420
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#8
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
74¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$59,562
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$18,018
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#16
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$38,235
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#10
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$46,741
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#17
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$107,873
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#7
in the nation
-
Massachusetts
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$51,057
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#7
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$92,307
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#3
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
79¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$75,405
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$23,941
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#6
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$36,778
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#13
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$48,436
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#8
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$106,333
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#9
in the nation
-
Michigan
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$40,302
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#41
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$67,011
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#17
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
79¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$58,892
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$14,289
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#29
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$30,654
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#31
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$47,960
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#12
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$109,282
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#6
in the nation
-
Minnesota
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$43,181
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#25
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$70,005
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#15
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
72¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$63,957
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$16,460
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#20
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$34,289
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#19
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$47,996
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#11
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$100,571
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#17
in the nation
-
Mississippi
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$42,336
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#30
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$53,354
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#48
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
86¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$53,781
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$12,258
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#44
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$26,770
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#49
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$36,921
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#50
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$76,634
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#50
in the nation
-
Missouri
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$36,829
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#50
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$53,999
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#47
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
70¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$56,843
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$13,414
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#36
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$30,176
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#38
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$42,818
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#30
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$85,002
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#40
in the nation
-
Montana
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$34,476
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#51
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$55,909
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#42
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
82¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$62,189
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$14,042
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#32
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$31,642
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#28
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$42,448
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#32
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$80,210
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#46
in the nation
-
Nebraska
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$37,797
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#49
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$58,763
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#34
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
78¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$63,115
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$15,329
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#27
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$30,446
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#33
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$44,516
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#25
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$92,448
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#30
in the nation
-
Nevada
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$43,695
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#22
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$61,719
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#27
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
81¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$70,934
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$11,516
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#47
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$36,900
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#12
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$47,480
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#14
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$95,353
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#26
in the nation
-
New Hampshire
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$41,590
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#34
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$64,169
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#21
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
71¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$75,231
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$21,082
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#7
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$31,175
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#30
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$39,193
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#46
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$95,765
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#25
in the nation
-
New Jersey
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$56,434
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#2
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$81,102
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#7
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
92¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$73,517
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$24,719
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#4
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$41,338
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#4
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$52,119
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#2
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$125,749
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#2
in the nation
-
New Mexico
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$50,628
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#8
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$63,580
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#22
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
73¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$63,588
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$13,424
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#35
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$28,175
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#45
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$42,552
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#31
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$86,891
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#38
in the nation
-
New York
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$49,315
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#11
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$92,696
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#2
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
86¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$69,433
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$30,867
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#1
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$39,845
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#7
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$48,643
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#6
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$101,606
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#16
in the nation
-
North Carolina
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$40,136
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#42
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$56,559
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#38
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
74¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$55,545
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$13,173
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#38
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$30,167
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#39
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$42,404
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#34
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$94,228
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#27
in the nation
-
North Dakota
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$42,393
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#29
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$56,792
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#37
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
80¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$61,922
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$16,970
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#19
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$32,776
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#24
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$48,640
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#7
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$80,978
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#45
in the nation
-
Ohio
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$40,055
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#43
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$66,390
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#19
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
86¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$58,581
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$15,059
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#28
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$34,346
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#18
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$47,453
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#15
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$99,909
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#19
in the nation
-
Oklahoma
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$38,192
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#47
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$55,505
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#43
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
68¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$58,603
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$11,089
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#49
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$26,612
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#51
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$39,257
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#44
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$82,143
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#42
in the nation
-
Oregon
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$42,050
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#32
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$72,476
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#13
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
72¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$73,393
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$15,773
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#23
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$33,838
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#21
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$44,694
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#22
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$96,909
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#23
in the nation
-
Pennsylvania
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$49,083
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#12
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$74,945
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#11
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
84¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$57,664
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$20,264
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#12
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$35,500
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#14
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$44,900
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#21
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$103,951
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#13
in the nation
-
Rhode Island
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$46,066
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#18
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$79,289
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#9
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
91¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$76,364
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$20,754
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#10
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$39,165
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#9
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$48,109
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#10
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$103,315
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#14
in the nation
-
South Carolina
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$42,026
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#33
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$57,778
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#35
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
91¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$56,360
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$13,488
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#34
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$30,372
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#35
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$42,429
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#33
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$89,446
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#33
in the nation
-
South Dakota
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$42,907
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#27
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$53,153
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#49
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
83¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$62,314
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$12,549
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#40
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$28,619
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#44
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$35,603
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#51
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$79,166
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#48
in the nation
-
Tennessee
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$42,164
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#31
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$55,369
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#44
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
75¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$55,804
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$12,111
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#45
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$27,986
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#46
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$39,997
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#41
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$88,083
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#35
in the nation
-
Texas
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$47,195
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#15
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$60,716
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#30
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
77¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$54,731
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$11,833
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#46
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$30,382
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#34
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$43,364
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#27
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$96,749
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#24
in the nation
-
Utah
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$49,555
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#10
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$63,481
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#23
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
72¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$65,223
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$10,282
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#50
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$34,893
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#16
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$39,815
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#43
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$105,251
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#12
in the nation
-
Vermont
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$43,060
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#26
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$66,536
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#18
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
87¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$98,438
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$26,749
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#3
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$34,208
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#20
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$37,147
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#49
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$87,749
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#36
in the nation
-
Virginia
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$46,250
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#17
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$63,103
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#24
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
68¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$58,395
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$16,177
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#22
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$33,464
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#22
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$44,669
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#23
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$106,422
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#8
in the nation
-
Washington
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$55,631
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#3
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$86,804
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#4
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
72¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$63,209
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$19,427
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#15
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$37,334
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#11
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$48,821
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#5
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$105,600
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#11
in the nation
-
Washington, D.C.
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$63,373
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#1
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$84,882
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#5
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
81¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$93,731
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$26,766
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#2
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$44,098
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#2
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$49,708
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#4
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$83,296
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#41
in the nation
-
West Virginia
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$40,339
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#40
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$52,870
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#51
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
80¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$60,082
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$15,370
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#26
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$32,515
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#25
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$42,945
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#29
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$79,990
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#47
in the nation
-
Wisconsin
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$41,151
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#38
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$62,524
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#25
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
77¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$60,892
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$15,654
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#25
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$35,059
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#15
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$48,200
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#9
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$92,617
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#29
in the nation
-
Wyoming
Average Teacher Starting Salary
$48,622
NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark Report, FY 2022-23, April 2024
#14
in the nation
Average Teacher Salary
$61,979
State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#26
in the nation
Teacher Pay Gap
92¢
Compared to other college-educated professionals with similar experience. Economic Policy Institute, September 2023
Minimum Living Wage
$64,631
Income needed for family of one adult and one child to have a modest but adequate standard of living in the most affordable metro area, 2023 dollars, Economic Policy Institute
Per Student Spending
$19,622
Expenditure per student in fall enrollment. State Rankings, FY 2022-23, NEA Rankings & Estimates Report, April 2024
#14
in the nation
Average K-12 ESP Earnings
$32,134
Average K-12 ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#26
in the nation
Average HE ESP Earnings
$40,580
Average Higher Education ESP Earnings, FY 2022-23, NEA Education Support Professional Earnings Report, April 2024
#40
in the nation
Average Higher Ed Faculty Salary
$93,676
Average Faculty Salary for Four-Year Public Institutions, FY 2022-23, NEA Higher Education Faculty Salary Analysis, April 2024
#28
in the nation
Paying the Price
For classroom teachers, choosing the profession means incurring what is known as the “teacher pay penalty”—the percentage by which public school educators are paid less than comparable workers. According to the Economic Policy Institute, this gap has reached an all-time high—26.4 percent in 2022, an increase from 23.5 percent in 2021.
In 2022, teachers on average earned 73.6 cents for every dollar that other professionals made—significantly less than the 93.9 cents on the dollar they made in 1996.
Until this gap is significantly closed, recruiting and retaining educators will be a steep challenge for many school districts.
“Over the past two decades, teacher pay has fallen further and further behind similarly qualified professionals,” said report author Sylvia Allegretto, a senior economist at the Center for Economic Policy and Research and research associate at EPI. “These worsening trends have become a significant and growing challenge for the teaching profession. Providing teachers with compensation commensurate with that of other similarly educated professionals is necessary to retain and attract qualified workers into the profession.”
In his fourth year of teaching in Jefferson County, Colo., Collin Ferraro says that even though classroom teachers face a variety of challenges, higher pay—including the ability to live independently in the communities where they work—is the foundation for a successful and satisfied educator workforce.
“The Denver area is very expensive and surrounding districts pay more,” he explains. “For early career educators, it’s a constant struggle. Across-the-board pay increases are needed now.”
What Makes a Difference
NEA data show that the "union advantage" in getting higher wages can be substantial. The fact is educators who work in states with collective bargaining laws make more money.
According to the new reports, teachers earn 26 percent more, on average, in states with collective bargaining, and education support professionals earn 16 percent more. The starting salary of teachers in these states is $1,653 more than in states without a bargaining law.
Increasing educator pay has been a top priority for state legislatures since 2022. The public stands firmly behind teachers making larger salaries. But for every New Mexico, Mississippi, and Alabama, where lawmakers approved major pay raises with no strings attached, educator pay in some other states has become a stalking horse for a destructive anti-public education, anti-union agenda.
In 2023, Arkansas Governor Sarah Huckabee Sanders signed into law the LEARNS Act, which increased beginning teacher salaries from $36,000 to $50,000. In addition to establishing a private school voucher program, however, the law also erased state-guaranteed minimum salary steps. So districts that want to reward experience and graduate degrees must do that on their own dime.
Since the law passed, teachers with decades of experience are now paid the same as new teachers in one-third of Arkansas school districts. “On average, the top of the salary schedule for the highest degree is only $6,000 more than what teachers with a bachelor’s degree and zero experience are paid,” the NEA Teacher Salary Benchmark report notes.
Contrast that law with the historic salary increases that went into effect in New Mexico and Mississippi in 2022. The 17 percent boost in the average teacher salary in New Mexico was the largest one-year increase in the nation. As the state faces a wave of retirements, potentially exacerbating already deep staffing shortages, education leaders hope this significant in pay will help keep new teachers in the profession and attract new ones.
Even as salary gains in many states have been watered down by the high cost-of-living, Erica Jones in Mississippi says that without the increases, an already tough economic climate would have been exponentially worse for many educators.
“After the pay raise went into effect,” Jones recalls, “I was hearing from younger teachers who didn’t have to worry about getting a second job anymore.”
But keeping educators in Mississippi, she adds, means more work must be done.
“We’re not letting up. Inflation does have an impact, and that’s why we’ll always advocate for pay raises for educators every year.”
Related Content
References
Learn More
- 1 New Rule on Overtime Will Boost Pay for Thousands of School Support Staff
- 2 5 Things To Know About Faculty Pay Today
- 3 ‘We Must Do Better’: School Support Staff Still Earn Below Living Wage
Do More
- 1 Resolution Ensuring Safe and Just Schools for All Students
- 2 The 5 Stages of Collective Bargaining
- 3 Organizing Tools - Student Debt
We're here to help you succeed in your career, advocate for public school students, and stay up to date on the latest education news and trends. Browse stories by topic, access the latest issue of NEA Today magazine, and celebrate educators and public schools.
- Read the latest
