How to Fix Security Vulnerabilities with NPM ? - GeeksforGeeks (2024)

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How to Fix Security Vulnerabilities with NPM ? - GeeksforGeeks (1)

Last Updated : 05 Apr, 2024

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Node Package Manager(npm) is a package manager provided by NodeJS which is a JavaScript runtime environment. Using npm you can add packages to your project. When you install any package you get the count of security vulnerabilities, this vulnerabilities are exposed weaknesses that can be a security threat by attackers.

We will discuss How to Fix Security Vulnerabilities with NPM:

Table of Content

  • Getting an audit
  • Inspecting and fixing the vulnerabilities
  • Common Types of Issues
  • Best Practices for Management
  • Automated Tools for Detection
  • Updating and Patching
  • Access Controls
  • Monitoring Advisories

Getting an audit

Use the npm audit command in your project directory. This will scan your project’s dependencies for possible security vulnerabilities.

Example: To get a report of vulnerabilities run the npm audit command and you will get the results as follows:

How to Fix Security Vulnerabilities with NPM ? - GeeksforGeeks (3)

npm audit command result

Inspecting and fixing the vulnerabilities

To fix the problems you can use the following methods:

  • Automatic update: Usenpm audit fixto automatically update vulnerable dependencies to patched versions.Be cautiousas this might cause compatibility issues due to breaking changes in newer versions.
  • Manual update: Review the report and update specific dependencies. You can update to minor or patch versions to potentially address only the vulnerabilities and minimizing possible breaking changes.
    • Use npm update <package-name>command to update to the latest version of the package.
    • Use npm install <package-name>@<version-number> command to replace that particular package to the specified version.
  • Manual fix: For complex vulnerabilities or those requiring code changes, you might need to dive deeper. Check the vulnerable packages’ repository for existing fixes or raise an issue if one doesn’t exist.

Example: To fix the vulnerabilities using automatic update run the npm audit fix command and you will get results as follows:

How to Fix Security Vulnerabilities with NPM ? - GeeksforGeeks (4)

npm audit fix command result

Common Types of Issues

The various common security issues are:

  • Denial of Service (DoS): A vulnerable package can be used to crash your site or consume excessive resources which leads to users unable to use your services.
  • Malicious Prototype: If a package is open sourced attackers can make changes into a trusted package’s prototype to inject malicious code.
  • Cross-Site Scripting (XSS): Sometimes vulnerable using package can allow attacker to run malicious script into trusted sites in intention to stealing of user data.
  • Similar Packages: The attackers can publish malicious packages with names similar to original ones thus tricking the developers into installing them and resulting in addition of malicious code or some kind of backdoor into there code.

Best Practices for Management

Some practices that should be followed to manage security vulnerabilities are:

  • Have frequent Audits: You can use npm audit command to frequently scan your project for packages with vulnerabilities. This will ensure your project have no vulnerabilities and if it’s there then follow the above steps to fix it.
  • Check before Updating: You should always check the update notes referred in the audit before updating because updating carelessly can have breaking changes for your project.
  • Documentation: Always document the version of packages before and after changes and if possible copy the package.json file before every change to ensure that you always have a backup of working dependencies information.
  • Testing for Changes: You must test for the expected behaviors in the parts of your project where the dependencies that you updated is used. After update testing makes sure there is no breaking changes in your project.

The various automated tools for detection and fixing of security vulnerabilities are:

  • Snyk: The tool offers free and paid plans to scan for vulnerabilities and automate patching in your code, open-source dependencies, and containers.
  • WhiteSource Bolt: It runs on GitHub and on Azure DevOps, scanning your projects and provide real-time vulnerability detection and find security issues in your project or dependencies.
  • JFrog: It provides end to end solution for your npm packages management and deployment but it also does vulnerability analysis which allows to check for possible vulnerabilities.

Updating and Patching

The ways for updating the packages for patching the security vulnerabilities are:

  • Using the audit fix: You can use the npm audit fix command to automatically update all vulnerable packages to the fixed version but use it if all fully confident about the changes because updating packages can lead to breaking changes.
  • Using npm update: You can update all the dependencies of your project to the latest version using the npm update command but be careful as it may bring breaking changes. If you want to update individual package just add the package name in the end of the command i.e npm update <package_name>.

Access Controls

You can also add access controls to control who can install, publish, and modify npm packages. Some ways to implement access controls are:

  • Restrictions: You can add restriction in user account management on your development machines or package managers such that only selected members who have permission can use npm install, npm publish, or other npm commands.
  • Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): You can add MFA to you npm account to add extra layers of security by requiring a other verification factor along with username and password.
  • Private Packages: You can create private packages for personal, team or for a whole organization and these packages can be used by developers who are having read/write access.
  • Permission Management Tools: You can also permission management tools such as Verdaccio. These tools allows users or organization to control access to to private NPM packages through configuration files.

Monitoring Advisories

Mostly package managers finds possible security vulnerabilities in their packages and fixes it in a newer version and also notify it, so to monitor this announcements you can follow the respective methods:

  • Subscribe to security advisories: You can subscribe for security advisories from npm itself or other security providers like Snyk or WhiteSource. They provide notification or have web pages to keep you informed about possible vulnerabilities of packages.
  • Automate Vulnerability Scanning: You can integrate automated vulnerability scanning tools like Jfrog into your CI/CD pipeline. This makes sure your project vulnerabilities are identified as early as possible.
  • Personally view the advisories: You can personally check regular reviews of security advisories to identify and check for package vulnerabilities and fixing them thus only focusing on the packages you are using.


How to Fix Security Vulnerabilities with NPM ? - GeeksforGeeks (5)

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How to Fix Security Vulnerabilities with NPM ? - GeeksforGeeks (2024)

FAQs

How to Fix Security Vulnerabilities with NPM ? - GeeksforGeeks? ›

How to fix security vulnerabilities. Apply the suggested fix automatically: If you want npm to automatically fix the vulnerabilities, run npm audit fix . Note that some vulnerabilities cannot be fixed automatically and will require manual intervention or review. There will be additional output in the console.

How to fix vulnerabilities in npm? ›

Fix the vulnerability
  1. Check the "Path" field for the location of the vulnerability.
  2. On the npm public registry, find the package with the vulnerability. ...
  3. In the package repository, open a pull or merge request to make the fix on the package repository.
Oct 23, 2023

How to scan npm packages for vulnerabilities? ›

Check for Security Vulnerabilities in your Project's NPM Packages and Dependencies
  1. On the command line, type cd path/to/your-package-name and navigate to your package directory, then press Enter.
  2. Make sure that your package contains package. ...
  3. Type npm audit and press Enter.

How do I fix a vulnerable npm package in my package lock json that isn't listed in the package json? ›

🎉 Solution
  1. Delete your package-lock. json file or for yarn users, delete your yarn. lock file. ...
  2. So a better solution here would be to only delete the lines corresponding to the vulnerable package in your package-lock. json(or yarn. lock) file.
  3. Run npm install again.
Mar 19, 2020

How do I resolve npm issues? ›

Let's see them all.
  1. Manually install the required peer dependencies. If npm fails because it cannot resolve the version <version> of the peer dependency <package> , simply install it with: ...
  2. Upgrade the conflicting packages. ...
  3. Use the -- legacy-peer-deps flag. ...
  4. Use Yarn instead of npm. ...
  5. Clean up npm.
Jan 19, 2024

Do I need to worry about npm vulnerabilities? ›

It is important for developers to be aware of npm security vulnerabilities and to take steps to mitigate their impact. This may involve regularly updating packages to the latest versions, which may include security patches, and being careful about which packages are installed in a project.

Is npm a security risk? ›

So if you find out that you have malware introduced by npm it is much more serious than having a common vulnerability. The risk of vulnerabilities and malware in such packages is omnipresent. This will always be the case.

What is npm audit fix? ›

The npm audit command requires one of two arguments that affect its behavior: The npm audit signatures command verifies the registry signatures of the packages you have downloaded. The npm audit fix command attempts to automatically fix any vulnerabilities detected in the project and its dependencies.

How to safely update npm packages? ›

Updating local packages
  1. Navigate to the root directory of your project and ensure it contains a package.json file: cd /path/to/project.
  2. In your project root directory, run the update command: npm update.
  3. To test the update, run the outdated command. There should not be any output.
Oct 22, 2023

How do I scan an application for vulnerabilities? ›

  1. 7 TIPS TO MANAGE VULNERABILITIES. ...
  2. CONFIRM YOUR SCOPE. ...
  3. RUN EXTERNAL VULNERABILITY SCANS. ...
  4. RUN INTERNAL VULNERABILITY SCANS. ...
  5. INDEPENDENT AND QUALIFIED TESTING. ...
  6. REGULARLY RUN VULNERABILITY SCANS. ...
  7. RUN SCANS AFTER SIGNIFICANT NETWORK CHANGES. ...
  8. ESTABLISH A TOP-DOWN APPROACH.

What is an example of a vulnerable npm package? ›

Many popular npm packages have been found to be vulnerable and may carry a significant risk without proper security auditing of your project's dependencies. Some examples are npm request, superagent, mongoose, and even security-related packages like jsonwebtoken, and validator.

How to fix vulnerable dependencies? ›

Fixing the vulnerabilities

The process of fixing these issues is, in theory, simple: just replace all the vulnerable dependencies with newer versions that have fixed the issue, or find a replacement package that doesn't have the vulnerability.

How to fix package lock conflicts in npm? ›

How to resolve package-lock. json conflicts
  1. Update the master branch with the latest changes: git checkout master git pull.
  2. Merge your feature branch into master : git merge mybranch. ...
  3. Open your editor (e.g. VSCode) and: ...
  4. Install packages, which will re-generate package-lock.json : npm install.

How to fix vulnerabilities in npm manually? ›

To remediate vulnerabilities within packages manually, use the npm install command to upgrade each package. This is the most common approach, since you can define the package and specific version to which to upgrade. Syncfusion JavaScript controls allow you to build powerful line-of-business applications.

How to fix broken npm packages? ›

Broken npm installation

If your npm is broken: On Mac or Linux, reinstall npm. Windows: If you're on Windows and you have a broken installation, the easiest thing to do is to reinstall node from the official installer (see this note about installing the latest stable version).

How to fix npm start error? ›

Make sure that all items have read/write permission, otherwise attempting to run “npm start” will throw an error. It is also possible that you may be in the wrong directory when running “npm start”. Make sure that you are in the root folder of your project when you run this command.

How do I fix vulnerabilities from dependencies? ›

Evaluate vulnerabilities
  1. Option 1: Upgrade to a fixed version. If there is a fix available, we can remove a vulnerable dependency by upgrading to a fixed version of the module.
  2. Option 2: Stop using the vulnerable symbol(s). We could choose to remove all calls to the vulnerable function in our code.

How do I fix npm install warnings? ›

Solution:
  1. Double-check the file or directory path mentioned in the error message.
  2. Ensure that the file or directory exists in the specified location.
  3. Correct any typos in the file path.
Jan 3, 2024

How to solve npm error? ›

The main cause of the npm command not found error is that npm is not installed. You can run the command “npm -v” to check whether npm is installed. If not, I recommend you uninstall Node. js and then reinstall node.

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