This topic lists default menus and controls that appear when an image window is active. These will also appear when an image tab is active in a map. Image commands are all listed under the Image menu. Some commands are organized under submenus called Adjust and Effects. These somewhat arbitrary categories are used so Manifold users who are familiar with Adobe PhotoShop will find the menu structure more familiar when seeking analogous commands.
This list also calls out the most popular menu items, such as from the View - Panes menu, that are especially relevant to use with images.
Many image editing commands work only with RGB or RGBa images. See the Image Types topic. Image editing commands are not available for compressed images. To edit a compressed image, first convert it to an RGB or RGBa image, edit it and then convert it back to a compressed image.
Edit Menu
Cut
Windows clipboard cut operation. Copy pixels to the windows clipboard and delete them from the image.
Copy
Windows clipboard copy operation. Use this to copy pixels from the image onto the clipboard for pasting elsewhere.
Paste
Paste the contents of the Windows clipboard into the image and deletes any selected pixels. Creates new pixels in the image.
Paste Append
Paste the contents of the Windows clipboard into the image without deleting any selected pixels. Creates new pixels in the image.
Delete
Permanently delete selected pixels from the image.
Delete All
Permanently delete all pixels from the image.
Assign Projection
Used with drawing, image, labels and surface windows to change the interpretation of the data. This is a specialized function that is applied only when manually specifying the projection of a component imported from a format that does not correctly store projection information. To change the native projection of any component other than a map, use the Edit - Change Projection command.
Change Projection
Used with components like drawings and images to re-project the component and thus permanently change the data.
Select All
Select all pixels in the image.
Select None
Deselect all pixels in the image.
Select Inverse
Invert selection: those pixels that were selected will be deselected while those pixels that were not selected will be selected.
Select Mode
Choose the selection mode to be used for mouse selection:
Replace - Any selection made with the mouse will replace the previous selection.
Add - Any selection made with the mouse will be added to the previous selection.
Subtract - Any selection made with the mouse will be subtracted from the previous selection.
Invert - Any selection made with the mouse will be inverted with the previous selection.
Intersect - Any selection made with the mouse will be intersected with the previous selection.
Modify Selection
Changes the shape of regions of selected pixels.
Border - Select those pixels on the border of the selected region(s).
Contract - Uniformly contract selected region(s) by given number of pixels.
Expand - Uniformly expand selected region(s) by given number of pixels.
Smooth - Provide a smoother edge to the region(s) of selected pixels.
Snap To
Enable / Disable snap modes:
Graticule - Snap to graticule intersections if a graticule is displayed.
Grid - Snap to grid intersections if a grid is displayed.
Save Mask/Channel
Create masks from the current image or save channels as grayscale images.
Load Mask/Channel
Load a mask or a channel from a grayscale image.
Go To
Go to the entire image or to a selection.
View Menu
Back
Go back one view.
Forward
Go forward one view.
Zoom In / Out
Zoom in brings us closer to the image while zoom out moves us farther away.
Zoom To Fit
Zoom so that the image fits the existing window size.
Zoom To
Zoom to a specified zoom level.
Graticule
Show a graticule (latitude / longitude lines).
Grid
Show a grid that may be used to measure or to align editing and snap commands.
Legend
Display a legend showing formats.
North Arrow
Display a North arrow.
Scale Bar
Display a scale bar.
Display Options
Enabled for compressed images. Enables choice of which channels will be used as R, G, B and alpha channels.
Panes
Call a dialog that allows displaying or hiding all panes.
Full Screen
Show the image over the entire monitor area.
Refresh Data
Update a linked image with the latest data from the controlling geocoded table.
Refresh View
Update the visual appearance of the image with any changes made since the last refresh. Enabled only if Autorefresh View is off and some change (such as a selection) has been made that might affect the visual appearance of the image.
Autorefresh View
Automatically update the image whenever any changes are made that might affect the visual appearance of the image. Turn this option off when working with very large images where there is no desire to take the time to show, say, a selection when it is made (repainting a very large image on every selection step might take longer than desired). When Autorefresh View is off, we can always cause a refresh on demand using the Refresh View command.
Properties
View the properties dialog for this image.
View - Panes Menu
Panes of special interest when working with images include:
Layers
When used with image windows, the layers pane turns individual R, G, B or alpha channels on and off and also controls whether the image border or background is displayed. See also the Images and Channels topic.
Selection
Save and recall regions of selected pixels.
Tool Properties
Specify characteristics of image editing tools, such as the opacity of a paintbrush.
Image Menu
Open Palette
Enabled for palette images. Open the palette for this
Open Data Source
Open Database Console focused on the data source of a linked image.
Dither
Uses a smaller number of colors in an image while preserving a perceptual effect through the use of dither patterns.
Quantize
Convert image to the specified number of colors using enhanced or standard methods.
Resize
Change the size of the image using desired interpolation method.
Convert To
Convert images between grayscale, palette, RGB, RGBa or compressed images.
Image - Adjust Menu
Color Balance
Adjust RGB color values for Shadows, Midtones or Highlights
Brightness / Contrast
Change brightness and contrast.
Hue / Saturation
Alters hue, saturation and lightness.
Invert
Invert pixel channel value. Creates a "photographic negative".
Equalize
Alters individual pixel brightness so there is an equal number of pixels at all brightness levels.
Gamma
Change mid-tone color brightness.
Threshold
Forces grayscale pixels to white, black or unchanged based on a histogram.
Threshold Color
Like Threshold but applies to each RGB channel individually.
Posterize
Convert image to a limited number of colors for a "poster"
Image - Effects Menu
Colorize
Adjust saturation and hue while keeping intensity the same, as if a color were applied to a grayscale version of the image.
Gaussian Blur
Apply Gaussian bell curve blurring to create shadows, halos and transitions.
Motion Blur
Streaked effect in the desired direction.
Diffuse
Moves pixels by swapping them in a "random walk."
Filter
Applies convolution filters, either custom filters or a choice from numerous presets.
Fluoresce
Alter saturation and lightness in asymmetric ways to cause some colors to appear unusually bright.
Noise
Add random monochromatic or color pixels.
Relief
Add highlights and shadows to give a 3D effect to 2D images.
Simplify
Aggregates pixels into larger clumps for a pointillist or mosaic tile effect. Can also remove small dots in cartographic work.
Tile
Convert image into rectangular tiled regions of
Relink
Re-links a linked image to a data source.
Unlink
Converts a linked image to a local image with no connection to the originating data source. Linking and then unlinking an image is equivalent to importing it.
Create Index Drawing
Creates an index drawing for an image library.
Download
Downloads intermediate levels of an image linked from a Manifold image server, OGC WMS server or TerraServer.
Transform Toolbar Operators
Add Margin
Add to the rectangular size of the image by the given number of pixels at the margin.
Add Noise
Add color noise as set by the source / argument box.
Add Noise (Mono)
Add monochrome noise as set by the source / argument box.
Auto Contrast
Automatically adjust contrast to balance contrast non-linearly throughout the entire image considering the overall intensity of each pixel.
Auto Level
Balance contrast throughout the entire image by balancing contrast within each channel individually.
Blur
Blur image by fixed amount. Blurs both features and colors. For a "blur" effect that does not mix colors, use the Median filters.
Blur (parameter)
Blur image by the number of pixels given in the source / argument box. This blur is implemented as a matrix operator where the value of the source / argument box is the weight of the center pixel with weights of all other pixels set to 1. Increasing the value therefore produces a lesser blur.
Brightness
Adjust brightness by source / argument box amount.
Contrast
Adjust contrast by source / argument box amount.
Crop
Crop image size to the selection.
Crop Margin
Crop the rectangular size of the image by the given number of pixels at the margin.
Desaturate
Reduce saturation to zero for all color values. Remains RGB.
Difference East
Detect and emphasize edge transitions to the East. See the Filters topic for general discussion of convolution matrix filters like this one.
Difference North
Detect and emphasize edge transitions to the North.
Difference North-East
Detect and emphasize edge transitions to the North-East.
Difference North-West
Detect and emphasize edge transitions to the North-West.
Difference South
Detect and emphasize edge transitions to the South.
Difference South-East
Detect and emphasize edge transitions to the South-East.
Difference South-West
Detect and emphasize edge transitions to the South-West.
Difference West
Detect and emphasize edge transitions to the West.
Diffuse
Migrate pixels by swapping them in a "random walk." Reapplying Diffuse several times will move pixels further and further away from their original positions.
Equalize
Equalize image to value given in source / argument box.
Flip Horizontal
Flip image left / right to mirror image.
Flip Vertical
Flip image top / bottom to upside down image.
Gamma
Alter gamma value by source / argument box.
Gaussian Blur
True Gaussian probability function blur by given amount.
Grayscale
Cast all colors into gray tones by intensity. Remains RGB.
High Pass 1
Emphasize rapid transitions between pixels. Good edge detection with horizontal and vertical lines.
High Pass 2
Stronger emphasis on rapid transitions between pixels with strong edge detection on lines of all angles.
High Pass 3
Edge detection with crisp vertical and horizontals and fuzzy lines at other angles.
Invert
Invert pixel values so that 0 becomes 255 and 255 becomes 0. See the Invert topic for information on Invert At.
Laplace 1
Good edge detection with emphasis on horizontal and vertical changes.
Laplace 2
Strongest changes at point of intersection of horizontal and vertical lines, resulting at a small X pixel pattern at the point of intersection; fuzzy detection of linear features at other angles.
Low Pass 1
Strong blur, with strong suppression of large pixel to pixel changes.
Low Pass 2
Blur, with medium suppression of large pixel to pixel changes.
Low Pass 3
Blur, with least suppression of large pixel to pixel changes. Removes graininess in some images.
Median Cross
Evens out color tending to preserve horizontal and vertical features. A "blur" that ignores perfectly horizontal and vertical linear features.
Median Square
Evens out color looking at a 3 x 3 matrix surrounding each pixel. A "blur" effect that preserves prevailing color.
Median Square 5
Strong evening out of color looking at a 5 x 5 matrix surrounding each pixel. Results in removal of isolated pixels of color differing greatly from surrounding pixels. A stronger "blur" effect that preserves prevailing color.
Motion Blur
Four options in diagonal, horizontal and vertical directions to blur image as if moved in that direction by given amount.
Posterize
Converts the image to a limited number of colors for a "poster" effect. Very low (2, 3 or 4) parameter values gives the most obvious effect.
Rotate
Rotate image given number of degrees. Negative degrees are taken as counter-clockwise rotation.
Sharpen
Emphasize transitions to give images a sharper appearance.
Sharpen (parameter)
A Sharpen with selectable value for degree of sharpness. This sharpen is implemented as a matrix operator where the value of the source / argument box is the weight of the center pixel with weights of all other pixels set to 1. Increasing the value therefore produces less sharpening.
Sharpen More
Enhanced sharpness compared to standard Sharpen.
Threshold
Converts an image into black and white based on whether each pixel is above or below the given value in intensity.
Threshold Black
Like Threshold, but forces all pixels below the intensity value into black while leaving all pixels above that value unchanged.
Threshold White
Like Threshold, but forces all pixels above the intensity value into white while leaving all pixels below that value unchanged.
Tile
Divides image into tiles of given X and Y extent and then averages pixel values within the tiles. This is used for aggregating and interpolating raster data images into larger tiles and for creating "pixelated" artistic effects.
Tile Median
Equivalent to Tile command with Preserve Colors checkbox checked.
