Today's active investors and traders have access to a growing number of trading instruments, from tried-and-true blue chip stocks to the fast-paced futures and foreign exchange (or forex) markets. Deciding which of these markets to trade can be complicated, and many factors need to be considered in order to make the best choice.
The most important element may be the trader's or investor's risk tolerance and trading style. For example, buy-and-hold investors are often more suited to participating in the stock market, while short-term traders—including swing, day and scalp traders—may prefer forex whose price volatility is more pronounced.
Key Takeaways
- Deciding whether to invest in the foreign exchange markets (forex) or stocks/stock indexes depends on the trader's or investor's risk tolerance and trading style.
- Specific elements to compare include volatility, leverage, and market trading hours.
- Broadly speaking, the equities markets—blue chip stocks and index funds—suit a buy-and-hold investor, while active traders often prefer the fast-moving forex.
Comparing Forex to Blue Chip Stocks
The foreign exchange market (forex) is the world's largest financial market. Many traders are attracted to the forex market because of its high liquidity, around-the-clock trading and the amount of leverage that is afforded to participants.
Blue chips, on the other hand, are stocks of well-established and financially sound companies. These equities are generally able to operate profitably during challenging economic conditionsand have a history of paying dividends. Blue chip stocks are generally considered to be less volatile than many other investmentsand are often used to provide steady growth potential to investors' portfolios.
So what would be the key differences to consider when comparing a forex investment with one in blue chips?
Volatility
Volatility is a measure of short-term price fluctuations. While some traders, particularly short-term and day traders, rely on volatility in order to profit from quick price swings in the market, other traders are more comfortable with less volatile and less risky investments. As such, many short-term traders are attracted to the forex markets, while buy-and-hold investors may prefer the stability offered by blue chips.
Leverage
A second consideration is leverage. In the United States, investors generally have access to 2:1 leverage for stocks. The forex market offers a substantially higher leverage of up to 50:1, and in parts of the world even higher leverage is available. Is all this leverage a good thing? Not necessarily. While it certainly provides the springboard to build equity with a very small investment—forex accounts can be opened with as little as $100—leverage can just as easily destroy a trading account.
Trading Hours
Yet another consideration in choosing a trading instrument is the time period that each is traded. Trading sessions for stocks are limited to exchange hours, generally 9:30 A.M.to 4pm Eastern Standard Time (EST), Monday through Friday with the exception of market holidays. The forex market, on the other hand, remains active round-the-clock from 5 P.M.EST Sunday, through 5 P.M.EST Friday, opening in Sydney, then traveling around the world to Tokyo, London and New York. The flexibility to trade during U.S., Asian and European markets—with good liquidity virtually any time of day—is an added bonus to traders whose schedules would otherwise limit their trading activity.
Comparing Forex to Indexes
Stock market indexes are a combination of stocks, with some sort of element—either fundamental or financial—which can be used as a benchmark for a particular sector or the broad market. In the U.S. financial markets, major indexes include the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), the Nasdaq Composite Index, the Standard & Poor's 500 Index (S&P 500), and the Russell 2000. The indexes provide traders and investors with an important method of gauging the movement of the overall market.
A range of products provide traders and investors broad market exposure through stock market indexes. Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) based on stock market indexes, such as the SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust (SPY) and the Invesco QQQ, which tracks the Nasdaq 100 Index, are widely traded.
Stock index e-mini futures are other popular instruments based on the underlying indexes. The e-minis boast strong liquidity and have become favorites among short-term traders because of favorable average daily price ranges. The e-minis, including the e-mini S&P 500, the e-mini Nasdaq 100, the e-mini Russell 2000, and the mini-sized Dow Futures are traded around the clock on all-electronic, transparent networks.
So what would be the key differences to consider when comparing a forex investment with one that plays an index?
Volatility
The volatility and liquidity of the e-mini contracts are enjoyed by the many short-term traders who participate in stock market indexes. Let's say that the major equity index futures trade at an average daily notional value (the total value of a leveraged position’s assets) of $145 billion, exceeding the combined traded dollar volume of the underlying 500 stocks.
The average daily range in price movement of the e-mini contracts affords great opportunity for profiting from short-term market moves. While the average daily traded value pales in comparison to that of the forex markets, the e-minis provide many of the same perks that are available to forex traders, including reliable liquidity, daily average price movement quotes that are conducive to short-term profits, and trading outside of regular U.S. market hours.
Leverage
Futures traders can use large amounts of leverage similar to that available to forex traders. With futures, the leverage is referred to as margin, a mandatory deposit that can be used by a broker to cover account losses. Minimum margin requirements are set by the exchanges where the contracts are traded, and can be as little as 5% of the contract's value. Brokers may choose to require higher margin amounts. Like forex, then, futures traders have the ability to trade in large position sizes with a small investment, creating the opportunity to enjoy huge gains—or suffer devastating losses.
Trading Hours
While trading does exist nearly around the clock for the electronically traded e-minis (trading ceases for about an hour a day to enable institutional investors to value their positions), the volume may be lower than the forex market, and liquidity during off-market hours could be a concern depending on the particular contract and time of day.
Tax Treatment: Forex Vs. Equities
These various trading instruments are treated differently at tax time. Short-term gains on futures contracts, for example, may be eligible for lower tax rates than short-term gains on stocks. In addition, active traders may be eligible to choose the mark-to-market (MTM) status for IRS purposes, which allows deductions for trading-related expenses, such as platform fees or education.
In order to claim MTM status, the IRS expects trading to be the individual's primary business.IRS Publication 550 covers the basic guidelines on how to properly qualify as a trader for tax purposes. Traders and investors alike should seek the advice and expertise of a qualified accountant or other tax specialist to most favorably manage investment activities and related tax liabilities, especially since trading forex can make for a confusing time organizing your taxes.
The Bottom Line
The internet and electronic trading have opened the doors to active traders and investors around the world to participate in a growing variety of markets. The decision to trade stocks, forex or futures contracts is often based on risk tolerance, account size, and convenience.
If an active trader is not available during regular market hours to enter, exit or properly manage trades, stocks are not the best option. However, if an investor's market strategy is to buy and hold for the long term, generating steady growth and earning dividends, stocks are a practical choice. The instrument(s) a trader or investor selects should be based on which is the best fit of strategies, goals, and risk tolerance.
