Learn Two Types of Hydrothermal Deposits (2024)

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Two Types of Hydrothermal Deposits. Hydrothermal deposits are combinations of stone and metal ores that occur when water with a significant amount of brine, or a salt component, comes into contact with a heat source such as magma. The presence of salt in the water and a significant amount of metals or minerals is required for hydrothermal deposits...

Hydrothermal deposits are combinations of stone and metal ores that occur when water with a significant amount of brine, or a salt component, comes into contact with a heat source such as magma. The presence of salt in the water and a significant amount of metals or minerals is required for hydrothermal deposits to form. These deposits are divided into three classes --- hypothermal, mesothermal and epithermal --- and may be further classified by whether ores form by replacement or by filling open spaces in rocks.

Conditions for Formation

In order for hydrothermal deposits to form, four conditions must be met: presence of briny, hot water with a high mineral content, presence of openings in rock to allow solutions to move, availability of a deposit site and a chemical reaction to make the deposit occur. Magma is the most common heat source, but metamorphic, meteoric or marine conditions may also facilitate a sufficient rise in temperature for these deposits to form. Hydrothermal deposits can form in any type of rock with deposition influenced by local rock formation. The final composition of the deposits is dependent upon the reaction between the briny solutions and the rocks with which they come into contact.

Brine is Essential

Pure water is never involved in hydrothermal formation but must contain brine. These brines, however, are different than seawater as they are able to dissolve and transport metals such as gold and silver. Brines, particularly those composed of sodium and calcium, are also effective solvents of sulfide and oxide minerals. They often contain magnesium and potassium salts, and small amount of many other elements. Concentrations range from a few percent of dissolved solids by weight to as much as 50 percent.

Mesothermal Deposits

These deposits are characterized by both replace and open space textures, the latter of which is more common at shallower depths. Sharper contact with native rocks, which my be igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic, is also common. The most abundant minerals are chalcopyrite, bornite, enargit, tetrahedrite, sphalerite and galena. Base metals are usually lead, zinc and copper.

Epithermal Deposits

Also known as shallow heat deposits, this type is commonly associated with hot springs and geysers, thus making them the most well known type of hydrothermal deposits. Open space filling, characterized by crusting, combing and symmetrical bands, is the most common type of formation. A wide variety of ores are found in these deposits, most commonly gold and sulfide ores such as copper, zinc lead, molybdenum, bismuth, nickel, cobalt, antimony and mercury. Minerals associated in these veins include quartz, calcite, fluorite, barite, chalcedony, rhodochrosite and dolomite.

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Learn Two Types of Hydrothermal Deposits (2024)

FAQs

Learn Two Types of Hydrothermal Deposits? ›

The two main types of hydrothermal deposits are vein

vein
In geology, a vein is a distinct sheetlike body of crystallized minerals within a rock. Veins form when mineral constituents carried by an aqueous solution within the rock mass are deposited through precipitation. The hydraulic flow involved is usually due to hydrothermal circulation.
https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Vein_(geology)
deposits and disseminated deposits. Hydrothermal deposits are deposits of ore generated from hot, ion - rich fluids. The two main types of hydrothermal deposits are crystallized deposits and disseminated deposits.

What are the two main types of hydrothermal deposits? ›

Two types of deposit have been recognized: “high-temperature” hydrothermal Mn deposits formed initially when the hydrothermal fluids penetrated faults and fissures within the volcaniclastic sandstone and bedded hydrothermal Mn deposits formed subsequently as the cooling hydrothermal fluids migrated along the bedding ...

What are the different types of hydrothermal water? ›

Hydrothermal fluids are often subdivided into two categories: high-temperature or focused flow, and low-temperature or diffuse flow. These terms are often poorly defined in the contexts in which they are used, and may mean different things to different authors.

What are the different types of hydrothermal process? ›

The HTP can be classified into different subcategories processes (hydrothermal pretreatment: extraction-fractionation, hydrothermal carbonization, hydrothermal liquefaction and hydrothermal gasification), which vary depending on the temperature, pressure and the desired products.

What is a deposit of hydrothermal materials? ›

Hydrothermal mineral deposits are accumulations of valuable minerals which formed from hot waters circulating in Earth's crust through fractures. They eventually produce metallic-rich fluids concentrated in a selected volume of rock, which become supersaturated and then precipitate ore minerals.

What are the two main types of hydrothermal vents? ›

The two main types of vents are “white smokers” which are chimneys formed from deposits of barium, calcium, and silicon, which are white; and “black smokers” which are chimneys formed from deposits of iron sulfide, which is black.

What are the 2 types of mineral deposits? ›

Mineral deposits include several different types related to magmatic, hydrothermal, sedimentary and metamorphic processes. Generally we can classify mineral deposits into two major groups: Industrial and non industrial.

What are two types of hydrothermal features found in Yellowstone? ›

Types of Hydrothermal Features
  • Hot springs: Pools of hydrothermally heated water.
  • Geysers: Hot springs with constrictions in their plumbing, which causes them to periodically erupt to release the pressure that builds up.
Jan 23, 2024

What are two sources of water for hydrothermal metamorphism? ›

Expert-Verified Answer. The source of water for hydrothermal metamorphism is primarily groundwater from the surface and fluids from magma plutons.

What are the different types of hydrothermal energy? ›

There are several different types of hydrothermal energy systems, including dry steam systems, flash steam systems, and binary cycle systems.

What is an example of hydrothermal? ›

Hydrothermal is a subset of geothermal, and means that the transfer of heat involves water, either in liquid or vapor state (hence the “hydro”). Hot springs and geysers, for example, are hydrothermal features.

What are the different types of hydrothermal alteration? ›

Hydrothermal alteration in LS deposits can be subdivided into (1) K-feldspar or sericite- and chlorite-altered wall rock bordering veins at depth; and (2) the overlying draping blanket of pervasive intermediate and advanced argillic alteration and silicification.

What are hydrothermal sources? ›

The natural formation of a hydrothermal resource requires three principal elements: heat, water, and permeability. When water is heated in the earth, hot water or steam is trapped in porous and fractured rocks beneath a layer of relatively impermeable caprock, resulting in the formation of a hydrothermal reservoir.

What are the two types of hydrothermal deposits? ›

The two main types of hydrothermal deposits are vein deposits and disseminated deposits. Hydrothermal solution can deposit metal as: vein deposits in fractures, Or: as disseminated deposits distributed as minute masses throughout an entire rock body.

How are hydrothermal deposits formed? ›

hydrothermal mineral deposit, any concentration of metallic minerals formed by the precipitation of solids from hot mineral-laden water (hydrothermal solution). The solutions are thought to arise in most cases from the action of deeply circulating water heated by magma.

What is magmatic hydrothermal deposit? ›

Ore deposits that form in and around igneous rock units as a result of mineral precipitation from aqueous solutions or hydrothermal fluids are hydrothermal ore deposits. Magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits are hydrothermal ore deposits in which the aqueous solutions were derived from magma.

What are the two types of glacial deposits? ›

Glacial Drift: material deposited by a glacier. Two types of drift are Till (unsorted, unstratified debris deposited directly from ice) and Stratified Drift (sorted and stratified debris deposited from glacial meltwater).

What are the two most common types of sediments in the ocean? ›

1) Terrigenous Sediments: These sediments originate from the continents from erosion, volcanism and wind transported material. These are the most abundant sediments. 2) Biogenous Sediments: These are sediments derived from critters. *These include calcareous (most skeletons) and silicious (diatoms) compositions.

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