Non-Sufficient Funds (2024)

Used to indicate that the checking account does not have sufficient balance to cover a transaction or payment

Written byCFI Team

What are Non-Sufficient Funds?

Non-sufficient funds, or insufficient funds, is a banking term used to indicate that the checking account does not have sufficient balance to cover a transaction or payment. Colloquially, NSF checks are also called “bounced” or “dishonored” checks.

Non-Sufficient Funds (1)

Suppose you have $500 in your account and attempt to make a $1,000 purchase with a debit card. In such a situation, if you haven’t opted in for the overdraft plan, the transaction will be declined. Instead, if you write a check of $1,000, the bank may honor it and assess an OD fee or reject it and charge NSF fees, regardless of whether you have opted in for its overdraft plan.

Summary

  • Non-sufficient funds, or insufficient funds, is a banking term used to indicate that the checking account does not have sufficient balance to cover a transaction or payment.
  • Having a non-sufficient funds situation can lead to penalties, a bad impact on one’s credit score, and a criminal liability.
  • There are several options available to a customer to avoid an NSF situation.

Consequences of Non-Sufficient Funds

Penalties

Due to insufficient funds, if a check is bounced, both the defaulter and the payee are penalized by their respective banks. If the bounced check is against the repayment of any loan, the defaulter may need to bear additional late payment charges. Penalty charges vary and are different for different account types.

Bad Impact on Credit Score

A bounced check can hugely impact a person’s creditworthiness and hamper his/her financial credit history. Financial institutions may feel insecure about lending to someone with a bad credit score and failure to pay his/her due debts previously.

Therefore, it is always advisable to save enough funds before applying for a loan. In doing so, lending institutions and banks will be secure with your financial credibility and will not hesitate to lend money.

Criminal Consequences

If a check bounces and the defaulter is unable to pay within the stipulated period, not only does his/her credit score plunges, but he/she can also be prosecuted under existing criminal law, as well as under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act.

Under Section 138, a dishonored check is a criminal offense, and the aggrieved party can send a legal notice to the defaulter. If found guilty, the defaulter can be charged with imprisonment for up to two years and/or with a monetary penalty, which can be as high as twice the check amount.

Under Sec 417 and 420, if a case of cheatings been proven, a non-bailable warrant can be issued. If more than one check is bounced, the payee can file separate suits against each dishonored check.

Other Repercussions

Banks issue cautionary advice to the defaulter in the event of dishonor of a check. In the case of repeated defaults, they can close the account and stop the check facility. When a check on a loan is dishonored, the banks can issue a legal notice or deduct money from the defaulter’s account.

Checks may be dishonored due to a signature mismatch, overwriting, or a stale date. Legal remedies can be taken only if a clear case of cheating is proven.

How to Avoid a Non-Sufficient Funds Situation

1. Reconcile the checking account frequently and keep track of balances

By keeping track of the balance and frequently reviewing transactions, you will know how much you can spend and, accordingly, can account for any unexpected changes.

2. Set up alerts with the bank

Banks may still allow certain payments to go through even if a customer is short of cash (and charge insufficient funds fees). For example, insurance premiums will most likely be paid even if the bank’s been asked to decline such transactions.

In such situations, you can consider setting up alerts or texts with the bank so that they can be notified before these transactions take place, giving them enough time to cancel the payment.

3. Implement an overdraft agreement with the bank

Consider opting in for the overdraft protection program. When you opt in for the overdraft facility, the bank executes every transaction it is authorized to, regardless of the approved limit.

In turn, the bank charges an OD fee. To avoid hefty overdraft fees, consider signing up for an overdraft line of credit as it is cheaper than per-item overdraft fees.

More Resources

CFI is the official provider of the global certification program, designed to help anyone become a world-class financial analyst. To keep advancing your career, the additional CFI resources below will be useful:

  • Checking Account
  • Bank Statement
  • How to Write a Check
  • Credit Score Analysis
  • See all wealth management resources
Non-Sufficient Funds (2024)

FAQs

Why does my card say insufficient funds when I have enough? ›

1. If you have recently funded your account, it's possible that the funds did not fully clear into the account when you attempted to make a payment. 2. If you are using overdraft or credit facilities on your account.

What is an example of not sufficient funds? ›

Here's an example of how NSF fees might work compared with overdraft fees. Say you have $100 in your account, but you try to write a check for $120. You haven't opted-in to overdraft protection, so the check bounces and your bank charges you $34 — the average cost of an NSF fee.

How do you resolve insufficient funds? ›

The "insufficient funds" error

In other words, what you are trying to buy costs more than what you have in your bank account. Solution: Refill the funds on your bank account in order to fix this error.

What is an example of a not sufficient fund check? ›

The NSF check is not reflected in the bank balance and the company needs to reduce the balance per bank for the NSF check since it doesn't represent a valid payment. For example, if you write a check for $100, and your bank account only has $75, then the check will bounce when the company goes to deposit it!

Why is my card getting declined when I have enough money? ›

Besides fund insufficiency, here are some of the most common issues behind a card decline: There was a manual error. You've reached your daily purchase limit. Your debit card expired or is inactive.

What does your card does not have sufficient funds? ›

Summary. Non-sufficient funds, or insufficient funds, is a banking term used to indicate that the checking account does not have sufficient balance to cover a transaction or payment. Having a non-sufficient funds situation can lead to penalties, a bad impact on one's credit score, and a criminal liability.

What are examples of insufficient funds? ›

Insufficient funds, also known as Non-Sufficient Funds (NSF), occur when a person attempts to withdraw more money than is available in their checking or savings account. This can happen when a check or debit card transaction is processed, or when the account holder attempts to use an ATM to withdraw funds.

What causes non-sufficient funds? ›

What is an NSF fee? An NSF fee is commonly charged by banks when an account lacks the funds needed to cover a transaction, and the bank doesn't allow the transaction to go through. The result may be in the form of bounced checks or denied electronic bill payments.

What does it mean to not have sufficient funds? ›

A checking account is said to have “non-sufficient funds” (NSF), or "insufficient funds” when it lacks the money needed to cover transactions. The acronym NSF also references the fee a customer is charged for presenting a check or payment that cannot be covered by the balance in the account.

Does NSF affect credit score? ›

An NSF fee itself doesn't affect your credit score, but not having enough money in your account can mean missing a payment, which does.

What does "insufficient funds" mean on a credit card? ›

Code 51—Insufficient funds: The cardholder does not have enough money to cover the transaction in the account associated with the credit card.

What is the penalty for insufficient funds? ›

An insufficient funds fee is charged by the bank as a penalty when a payment presented by check is refused due to insufficient funds. In the U.S., the fee is from $27 to $35 conventionally.

How do you prove you have sufficient funds? ›

Proof of funds usually comes in the form of a bank security or custody statement. These can be procured from your bank or the financial institution that holds your money. Bank statements are the most common document to use as POF and can typically be found online or at a bank branch.

What is proof of sufficient funds? ›

Proof of funds refers to a document that demonstrates the ability of an individual or entity to pay for a specific transaction. A bank statement, security statement, or custody statement usually qualify as proof of funds. Proof of funds is typically required for a large transaction, such as the purchase of a house.

Why does it say I have insufficient funds available when I have money on my account? ›

Some possible reasons include: Pending transactions: If you have any pending transactions, such as checks or debit card transactions, they may not be reflected in your available balance. This means that even though you have enough money in your account, it may not be immediately available to cover the payment.

Why does the ATM say insufficient funds when I have money? ›

This can be caused by either needing more money in the account or too many outstanding transactions that need to be paid. When a bank rejects a transaction due to insufficient funds, it will charge a fee for the NSF transaction.

Why is my debit card declined but money still taken? ›

If your transaction was declined, most banks will still hold the charge as “pending.” Most pending charges disappear in around 5 days or less, though some institutions ask cardholders to allow up to 7 days to process charges.

Why is it showing insufficient balance? ›

What is an Insufficient Balance Error? Insufficient Balance errors indicate that some outgoing transactions (e.g. sell, trade, transfer) are missing basis from an incoming transaction (e.g. investment, gift, income). This is typically due to a missing transaction(s).

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