Price Adjustment (2024)

16.20 Price Adjustment

The price adjustment equation summarizes, at the level of an entire economy, all the decisions about prices that are made by managers throughout the economy. The price adjustment equation is as follows:

inflation rate = autonomous inflation − inflation sensitivity × output gap.

The equation tells us that there are two reasons for rising prices. The first is because the output gap is negative. The output gap is the difference between potential output and actual output:

output gap = potential real gross domestic product (real GDP) − actual real GDP.

A positive gap means that the economy is in recession—below potential output. If the economy is in a boom, then the output gap is negative.

The second reason for rising prices is that autonomous inflation is positive. Autonomous inflation refers to the inflation rate that prevails in an economy when an economy is at potential output (so the output gap is zero). Looking at the second term of the price adjustment equation, we see that when real GDP is greater than potential output, the output gap is negative, so there is upward pressure on prices in the economy. The inflation rate will exceed autonomous inflation. By contrast, when real GDP is less than potential output, the output gap is negative, so there is downward pressure on prices. The inflation rate will be below the autonomous inflation rate. The “inflation sensitivity” tells us how responsive the inflation rate is to the output gap.

The output gap matters because, as GDP increases relative to potential output, labor and other inputs become scarcer. Firms are likely to see rising costs and increase their prices as a consequence. Even leaving this aside—that is, even when an economy is at potential output—firms are likely to increase their prices somewhat. For example, firms may anticipate that their suppliers or their competitors are likely to increase prices in the future. A natural response is to increase prices, so autonomous inflation is positive. Figure 16.13 "Price Adjustment" shows the price adjustment equation graphically.

Figure 16.13 Price Adjustment

Price Adjustment (1)

Price Adjustment (2024)

FAQs

What is the price adjustment rule? ›

With price adjustments, retailers will refund a customer the difference in cost even if the item has already been used. Returns, on the other hand, usually need to be in unused condition. Some retailers have different policies for in-store purchase and online purchases.

What is price adjustment and an example? ›

Price adjustment is a modification made to the overall price of a contract to take account of legitimate changes in the costs of performing it. Price adjustment provisions include formulas designed to protect both the borrower and contractors from price fluctuations.

How to ask for price adjustment? ›

I would simply say, “Hello, I purchased this item [insert order number] a few days ago and it is now a lower price. Can you please honor a price adjustment? Thank you!”

What happens if the price drops after purchase? ›

In many cases, the retailer will refund the difference of what you paid vs. the sale price, as long as your purchase was within a specified time—often 14 days. If they can't or won't refund to the original form of payment, you may be issued a store credit.

What are the three types of price adjustments? ›

A price adjustment is any change to the original price of a product in inventory by a retailer. There are three primary forms of price adjustment: promotion, price protection and markdown.

What is the most common type of price adjustment? ›

Promotional and Allowance Pricing. The first price adjustment strategy is one you probably see each time you turn your head. Most companies will give you a discount to reward you for early payments, buying large amounts of their product, or off-season buying.

How do you calculate the price adjustment? ›

To calculate the adjusted price, multiply the original price by one plus the percentage change divided by 100.

Can a retailer change the price after purchase? ›

Generally speaking, neither you nor the vendor has the right to unilaterally change the agreed-upon terms.

What is price adjustment formulae? ›

The price adjustment formulae are methods of calculating the increase, or decrease, in contractors' costs over any period using the Price Adjustment Formulae Indices (PAFI) published by BCIS Online. The formulae and the indices are widely used in larger building civil engineering contracts.

How do you respond to price changes? ›

A firm facing a competitor's price cut must consider several factors in determining their response: the product life cycle stage, their portfolio, the competitor's intentions and resources, market price and quality sensitivity, their own cost structure, alternative opportunities, and whether the market is hom*ogeneous ...

What if I buy something at Target and then it goes on sale? ›

If you find a current lower price within 14 days after purchase, just bring in the proof and we will adjust your payment to the lower price, upon request. Target store price matches and adjustments are completed at the store on any lane. For Target.com purchases, call Target.com Guest Services at 1-800-591-3869.

What happens if price decreases? ›

Demand Increase: price increases, quantity increases. Demand Decrease: price decreases, quantity decreases. Supply Increase: price decreases, quantity increases.

What is the price drop policy? ›

Price protection is a little-known but common feature offered by most credit card companies that allow cardholders to receive a refund if an item bought with that credit card drops in price within a specified period. This period is usually within 30 or 60 days though some cards allow claims to be filed within 90 days.

How does a purchase price adjustment work? ›

The purchase price is then adjusted after closing based on the difference in the working capital1 of the business between the figure used in determining the estimated purchase price (or some other reference figure) and the actual figure calculated from a special purpose closing balance sheet prepared as at the closing ...

What is the 14 day price adjustment policy? ›

A price-adjustment policy generally means that the retailer will refund the difference if it drops the price on something you purchased there in the last 14 to 30 days.

Can a company change the price after purchase? ›

Considerations When a Vendor's Prices Go Up

Generally speaking, neither you nor the vendor has the right to unilaterally change the agreed-upon terms. But some contracts are crafted in anticipation of future changes in the size and scope of projects, with the flexibility for price adjustments.

What is the formula for the price adjustment factor? ›

The price adjustment equation is as follows: inflation rate = autonomous inflation − inflation sensitivity × output gap. The equation tells us that there are two reasons for rising prices. The first is because the output gap is negative.

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