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- Section 9 Powers Denied Congress
- Clause 1 Migration or Importation
The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a Tax or duty may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person.
- Clause 2 Habeas Corpus
The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it.
- Clause 3 Nullification
No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed.
- Historical Background on Bills of Attainder
- Bills of Attainder Doctrine
- Ex Post Facto Laws
- Overview of Ex Post Facto Laws
- Historical Background on Ex Post Facto Laws
- Retroactivity of Ex Post Facto Laws
- Ex Post Facto Law Prohibition Limited to Penal Laws
- Increasing Punishment and Ex Post Facto Laws
- Imposing Criminal Liability and Ex Post Facto Laws
- Civil Commitment, Sex Offender Registration, and Ex Post Facto Laws
- Procedural Changes and Ex Post Facto Laws
- Employment Qualifications and Ex Post Facto Laws
- Retroactive Taxes and Ex Post Facto Laws
- Ex Post Facto Prohibition and Judicial Decisions
- Ex Post Facto Laws, Deportation, and Related Issues
- Overview of Ex Post Facto Laws
- Historical Background on Bills of Attainder
- Clause 4 Direct Taxes
No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken.
- Clause 5 Exports
No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State.
- Clause 6 Ports
No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of another: nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another.
- Clause 7 Appropriations
No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time.
- Clause 8 Titles of Nobility and Foreign Emoluments
No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State.
