1 Hernandez, J. (2023, October 9). Videos of ‘flash mob’ thefts are everywhere, but are the incidents increasing? National Public Radio. https://www.npr.org/2023/10/09/1203697964/flash-mob-retail-thefts
2 Bennett, G., & Hastings, D. (2023, September 29). As retailers close stores due to shoplifting, are the concerns real or overblown? PBS News Hour. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/as-retailers-close-stores-due-to-shoplifting-are-the-concerns-real-or-overblown
3 Office of Governor Gavin Newsom. (2023, September 12). California to make largest-ever investment to combat organized retail crime. CA.GOV. https://www.gov.ca.gov/2023/09/12/ort-grants/
4 House of Representatives Judiciary Committee. (2023). The rise in organized retail crime and the threat to public safety. https://judiciary.house.gov/committee-activity/hearings/rise-organized-retail-crime-and-threat-public-safety
5 Capital One Shopping Research. (2023). Retail theft (shoplifting) statistics. https://capitaloneshopping.com/research/shoplifting-statistics/
6 Lofstrom, M, & Martin, B. (2023, September 7). Retail theft and robbery rates have risen across California. PPIC. https://www.ppic.org/blog/retail-theft-and-robbery-rates-have-risen-across-california/
7 Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2022). National incident-based reporting system (NIBRS). https://bjs.ojp.gov/national-incident-based-reporting-system-nibrs
8 National Retail Federation. (n.d.). National retail security survey. https://nrf.com/tag/national-retail-security-survey
9 Meyer, M., Hassafy, A., Lewis, G., Shrestha, P., Haviland, A. M., & Nagin, D. S. (2022). Changes in crime rates during the COVID-19 pandemic.Statistics &Public Policy,9(1), 97-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/2330443X.2022.2071369
10 NYT: The Official Website of the City of New York. (2023, May 17). Mayor Adams announces plan to combat retail theft in New York City. https://www.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/340-23/mayor-adams-plan-combat-retail-theft-new-york-city#/0
11 See, for example: Moffitt, T. E. (1993). Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review, 100(4), 674–701. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.100.4.674
12 Wu, S., & McDowall, D. (2023). Does Bail Reform Increase Crime in New York State: Evidence from Interrupted Time-Series Analyses and Synthetic Control Methods.Justice Quarterly, 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2023.2209145
13 Harrell, K. (2023). Anaheim police department. https://www.bscc.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2-Anaheim-Police-Dept.pdf
14 Neilson, S, & Swan, R. (2021, November 27). One Target store. One huge spike in shoplifting reports. What does it mean for San Francisco. San Francisco Chronicle. https://www.sfchronicle.com/sf/article/shoplifting-data-Target-Walgreens-16647769.php
15 Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2009). National crime victimization survey. https://bjs.ojp.gov/data-collection/ncvs
16 National Retail Federation. (2023). National retail security survey 2023. https://nrf.com/research/national-retail-security-survey-2023
17 Guzman, F. (2023, April 13). Video shows more than 30 people steal $300,000 worth of items at Nordstrom in Los Angeles. USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2023/08/13/nordstrom-robbery-los-angeles-california/70584637007/
18 Reilly, P. (2023, July 26). Shoplifting suspects casually roll out three carts of merch from California Burlington store: video. New York Post. https://nypost.com/2023/07/26/shoplifting-suspects-casually-roll-out-three-carts-of-goods-from-california-burlington-store-video/
19 Capital One Shopping Research. (2023). Retail theft (shoplifting) statistics. https://capitaloneshopping.com/research/shoplifting-statistics/
20 Bennett, L., Mendoza, N., Perelmuter, B., & Shapiro, M. (2023). Retail theft: What to know and where to go. The Center for Just Journalism. https://justjournalism.org/media/download/CJJ_TipSheet_RetailTheft_2022.pdf
21 National Retail Federation. (2023). National retail security survey 2023. https://nrf.com/research/national-retail-security-survey-2023
