On this page
- Is your super fund a top performer?
- Compound interest vs simple interest
- Are you with an award-winning super fund?
- Using the Rule of 72 to help you choose an investment
- The power of compound interest for your super
- Boost your super with a SuperGuide membership
Compound interest is the eighth wonder of the world.
He who understands it, earns it.
He who doesn’t, pays it.
Albert Einstein isn’t the only bright spark to recognise the power of compound interest.
Is your super fund a top performer?
Compare more than 50 Australian super funds for free, including multi-year returns and fees.
Compare super funds
Legendary investor Warren Buffett called his biography The Snowball in reference to the snowball effect. He started investing as a teen and that snowball is still rolling and growing exponentially. Now in his 90s, after a lifetime of buying quality investments and holding them for the long term, his net worth is over US$116 billion.
By understanding the basic principle of compound interest, especially early in your working life, you too can grow modest, regular savings into a substantial nest egg. You may not end up on the rich list, but you can still enjoy a comfortable standard of living in retirement.
That’s the simple concept behind superannuation, but compound interest is not simple.
Compound interest vs simple interest
When you are earning compound interest on an investment it means you not only receive interest on the principal invested but you also receive interest on your interest plus principal. That’s why compound interest is often referred to as ‘interest on interest’ and it will grow a lump sum faster than simple interest.
We look at compound interest and how it applies to your super further down, but first it’s important to understand how compound interest differs from simple interest.
Are you with an award-winning super fund?
Best Ethical fund
Australian Ethical Super Balanced
Green Company
Australian Ethical Super invests in renewable energy, environmental services, healthcare and other sustainable initiatives while delivering strong 10-year returns.
More info
Best Conservative fund
HESTA Conservative
Finder Award
HESTA offers above-average 10-year returns on its conservative investment option. Members also have the ability to speak to a Super Adviser at no cost.
More info
Best Conservative Balanced fund
AustralianSuper Conservative Balanced
Finder Award
AustralianSuper is Australia’s largest super fund with 3.1 million members. It offers both strong performance and competitive administration fees.
More info
Best Balanced fund
Aware Super - Balanced Socially Conscious
Finder Award
Certified by the Responsible Investment Association Australasia, this option from Aware Super excels in long-term returns with a target split of 75% growth assets and 25% defensive assets.
More info
Simple interest is generally paid in one hit at the end of a specified period. Term deposits are a good example. Say you invest $10,000 in a one-year term deposit at 5% interest; at the end of the term, you receive $500 plus your initial investment of $10,000 for a total of $10,500.
Now say you rollover your initial $10,000 investment each year for ten years at 5%. Each year you earn interest of $500, which you spend on stuff and reinvest your initial $10,000. After ten years you will have earned total interest of $5,000 (10 x $500), giving you a total investment value (principal plus interest) of $15,000.
That’s simple interest. However, you can turn simple interest into compound interest by reinvesting the interest you receive each year.
The table below shows what happens to your $10,000 investment if you resist the temptation to spend your annual interest payments and reinvest them instead. After ten years you will earn total interest of $6,289 for a total investment value of $16,289.
| Year | Start balance | Interest | End balance |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | $10,000 | $500 | $10,500 |
| 2 | $10,500 | $525 | $11,025 |
| 3 | $11,025 | $551.25 | $11,576.25 |
| 4 | $11,576.25 | $578.81 | $12,155.06 |
| 5 | $12,155.06 | $607.75 | $12,762.81 |
| 6 | $12,762.81 | $638.14 | $13,400.95 |
| 7 | $13,400.95 | $670.05 | $14,071.00 |
| 8 | $14,071.00 | $703.55 | $14,774.55 |
| 9 | $14,774.55 | $738.73 | $15,513.28 |
| 10 | $15,513.28 | $775.66 | $16,288.94 |
| Total | $6,288.94 | $16,288.94 |
It might not seem like much difference, but the compound interest you earn on a $10,000 investment over ten years results in a balance that’s almost 9% higher than you would achieve earning simple interest ($16,289 vs $15,000).
It’s also important to note that the amount of compound interest accrued will be affected not just by the amount of interest paid out, but also the frequency of the payments. So, if 5% interest is accrued monthly on $10,000, the balance will be higher than if 5% interest is accrued annually.
You can do your own sums using one of the many compound interest calculators available online. We’ve used MoneySmart’s compound interest calculator. Alternatively, see the Rule of 72 below for a simple calculation of how long it will take an investment to double in value at a given rate of compound interest.
Using the Rule of 72 to help you choose an investment
The Rule of 72 is a quick way to estimate the number of years required to double your money at a given annual compound rate of return. It can also help you calculate what effect fees and inflation can have on your investment.
The calculation goes like this: years to double your investment = 72 divided by your expected annual rate of return.
Say you are tossing up whether to put a windfall into a high interest savings account paying interest of 3% a year or shares with an estimated annual return of 8% a year from a combination of dividends (reinvested) and capital appreciation.
As you can see in the table below, in a high interest savings account that pays around 3%, annual compounded returns will take 24 years to double in value (72/3). Whereas shares with a compound rate of return of 8% a year will take just nine years to double in value (72/8).
| Annual return | Number of years to double |
|---|---|
| 1% | 72 |
| 2% | 36 |
| 3% | 24 |
| 4% | 18 |
| 5% | 14.4 |
| 6% | 12 |
| 7% | 10.3 |
| 8% | 9 |
| 9% | 8 |
| 10% | 7.2 |
| 11% | 6.5 |
| 12% | 6 |
| 13% | 5.5 |
| 14% | 5.1 |
| 15% | 4.8 |
| 16% | 4.5 |
| 17% | 4.2 |
| 18% | 4 |
| 19% | 3.8 |
| 20% | 3.6 |
Of course, the actual rate of return will depend on how long your money is invested, market conditions, tax, fees and how much risk you are prepared to accept. But that’s too much information if you just want to mentally map out your options.
Another benefit of the Rule of 72 is you can turn the equation around and work out the annual interest rate needed to double your investment over a given frame.
Say you want to double your investment in four years; then you will need to earn an annual interest rate of 18% (72/4). A more realistic expectation might be to double your investment in a decade (72/10), which would require an annual interest rate of 7.2%.
| Desired years to double investment | Annual interest rate needed is |
|---|---|
| 1 | 72% |
| 2 | 36% |
| 3 | 24% |
| 4 | 18% |
| 5 | 14.4% |
| 6 | 12% |
| 7 | 10.29% |
| 8 | 9% |
| 9 | 8% |
| 10 | 7.2% |
| 11 | 6.55% |
| 12 | 6% |
| 13 | 5.54% |
| 14 | 5.14% |
| 15 | 4.8% |
| 16 | 4.5% |
| 17 | 4.24% |
| 18 | 4% |
| 19 | 3.79% |
| 20 | 3.6% |
It’s important to remember that the Rule of 72 applies to investments that pay compound interest; not simple interest. In fact, it can be used on anything that grows at a compounded rate, such as population, macroeconomic numbers, charges, loans or fees that eat into investment gains.
This means:
If GDP grows at 3% annually, the economy will be expected to double in 24 years (72/3). Conversely, a managed fund that charges 3% in annual fees will reduce the investment principal to half in around 24 years.
A borrower who pays 15% interest on a credit card or any other form of loan charging compound interest will double the amount they owe in just 4.8 years (72/15).
If inflation is 6%, then a given purchasing power of the money will be worth half in around 12 years (72/6). If inflation decreases from 6% to 4%, an investment will be expected to lose half its value in 18 years (72/4), instead of 12 years. And so on.
There are more complex calculations for working out how long it takes to double an investment value but the Rule of 72 is convenient and produces an answer close to the exact algorithmic value.
Now that we know an investment growing at a compound rate of 7% a year will roughly double in value every ten years, imagine how your money will grow over 40 years or more. That’s the simple but powerful concept behind super.
The power of compound interest for your super
The secret to investment success is the combination of compounding returns plus time. Australia’s superannuation system took this simple truth and ran with it.
Super is designed to lock away ongoing contributions made by you and/or your employer plus all investment earnings for 30 years or more until you retire. And it doesn’t end there. If you transfer your retirement balance into a super pension account, your investments continue to earn and grow throughout your retirement years.
Most super fund members are invested in a mix of assets such as shares, property, infrastructure, cash and bonds, which all yield varying rates of return. For example, Growth super funds where most Australians have their retirement savings typically have between 61% and 80% in growth assets such as shares and the remainder in defensive assets such as cash and bonds.
While there will be negative years, Growth funds typically set a target of no more than one negative year in five. Over the past ten years, the median Growth fund has returned 8.5% per year after fees and tax.
Over time, your contributions and rate of return may stay relatively steady but the interest on the interest (or returns on the returns) grow exponentially thanks to the compounding effect.
To illustrate this, below is a simple example showing the potential retirement outcome for someone entering the workforce today.
Case study
Justin is 25 and starting his first full-time job on a salary of $50,000. His employer makes Super Guarantee contributions into his super account at the current level of 10%, or $5,000 a year. At this stage of his life, Justin doesn’t plan to make any additional contributions. He expects to work until he is 65.
Using the MoneySmart superannuation calculator, with estimated annual returns of 7.5%, Justin can expect to have a retirement balance of $301,004 at age 65 based on his employer’s contributions alone.
However, when Justin reaches age 45 with a super balance of $120,000, he decides he can afford to top up his savings with an annual personal contribution of $1,000 a year. By the time he is 65, his balance grows to $449,523 compared with $301,004 if he had done nothing.
But what if he waited until he was 55 to start contributing extra to his super? Even if he makes a personal contribution of $2,000 a year, his balance will only grow to $379,308 by the time he is 65. This is better than if he had done nothing but not as good as $449,523 he would achieve if he started extra contributions of just $1000 a year ten years earlier.
Note: These are a rough estimations only. We have used the MoneySmart superannuation calculator’s default assumptions about fees, inflation and annual returns. It also takes into account future legislated increases in the Superannuation Guarantee to 12% by 1 July 2025.
As you can see, even small additional contributions to super can make a big difference to your retirement outcome, thanks to the magic of compound interest. The sooner you start, the more powerful the effect and the more money you will have to play with when you retire.
Boost your super with a SuperGuide membership
Unlock independent expert tips and strategies to make the most of your super and make your retirement goals a reality.
- Discover best performing super and pension funds
- Experts detail tips and strategies to boost your nest egg
- Interactive tools and calculators give you power to plan
- Step-by-step guides help you put plans into action
- Comprehensive super rules in plain language
- Newsletters and webinars keep you on top of the current rules
Find out more
