Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX): What It Is and How It Works (2024)

What Is the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX)?

The Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) is a Canadian stock exchange located in Toronto, Ontario. Founded in 1861, the TSX is Canada’s premier stock exchange with more than 1,500 listed companies, including those from the energy, mining, technology, and real estate sectors. The exchange is also home to international listings and exchange-traded products.

It became fully electronic after closing its trading floor in 1997. In 2007, the TSX merged with the Montreal Exchange (MX) to form the TMX Group.

Key Takeaways

  • The Toronto Stock Exchange is the largest exchange in Canada.
  • The exchange is fully electronic, with more than 1,500 companies listed.
  • All transactions are conducted in Canadian dollars.
  • The TSX is owned by TMX Group, which also owns the Montreal Exchange, the TSX Venture Exchange, and theCanadian Derivates Clearing Corp.

Understanding the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX)

The Toronto Stock Exchange is one of the largest stock exchanges in the world and is the third-largest in North America after the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the Nasdaq. The exchange’s history dates back to the mid-1800s. It was established in 1861 and was officially incorporated in 1878 under the name Toronto Stock Exchange or TSE. It became known as the TSX after the company was rebranded in 2002.

The exchange operates Monday to Friday, except for statutory holidays. The market opens with regular trading activity taking place from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. Eastern time. Trading orders may be entered but not executed during the pre-open from 7 a.m. to 9:30 a.m. ET.

As noted above, the exchange eliminated its trading floor in 1997. Trades on the TSX became electronic, similar to the Nasdaq in the United States. Traded instruments include shares in companies, investment trusts, and exchange-traded products (ETPs). Other financial instruments such as bonds, commodities, futures, options, and other derivative products are also actively traded. All transactions are executed in the Canadian dollar. According to the 2020 Guide to Listing, there were 1,572 listed issuers on the exchange.

See Also
TMX Money

The exchange launched the TSE 300 Composite Index in 1977, which was similar to the S&P 500. Composed of the most influential stocks on the exchange, the name of the index was changed to the S&P/TSX Composite Index in 2002. The index is rebalanced on a quarterly basis in March, June, September, and December.

Interested in investing in Canadian companies? Try purchasing American depositary receipts (ADRs), which are available for larger Canadian corporations.

Special Considerations

In 1999, the TSX became Canada’s only exchange for senior equities. Two years later, it acquired the TSX Venture Exchange, which primarily lists small-cap stocks.

As noted above, the exchange is now operated by the TMX Group, a result of the merger between the TSX and the MX. In addition to the TSX, the MX, and the TSX Venture Exchange, the group also operates the TSX Alpha Exchange; Shorcan, which specializes in fixed-income products in Canada; and the Canadian Derivates Clearing Corp. (CDCC). The CDCC facilitates the clearing of Canadian exchange-traded derivative products and other financial instruments.

The TSX and the London Stock Exchange (LSE) explored the opportunity for a merger. The deal fell through in 2011 after it failed to receive the required two-thirds majority of votes from shareholders. TMX proposed the merger to avoid a takeover by the Maple Group Acquisition Corp., a consortium of Canadian investors including the Canadian Plan Investment Board, Scotia Capital, and TD Securities. The TMX Group agreed to the Maple Group takeover, which was completed in 2012.

Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX): What It Is and How It Works (2024)

FAQs

How does the Toronto Stock Exchange work? ›

The TSX works like other stock exchanges: every day, investors trade TSX stocks, causing the prices of those stocks to fluctuate relative to investor demand. For investors, trading on the TSX usually starts with a broker. Once you've opened a brokerage account, you'll typically find the full range of TSX stocks.

How does the TSX index work? ›

The S&P/TSX Composite Index is a capitalization-weighted equity index that tracks the performance of the largest companies listed on Canada's primary stock exchange, the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX). It is the equivalent of the S&P 500 index in the United States, and as such is closely monitored by Canadian investors.

What is TSX known for? ›

Key Takeaways. The Toronto Stock Exchange is the largest exchange in Canada. The exchange is fully electronic, with more than 1,500 companies listed. All transactions are conducted in Canadian dollars.

What is TSX in the stock market? ›

Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) and TSX Venture Exchange (TSXV): where ideas and innovation meet capital. Listing With Us. The Exchanges have provided companies with access to equity capital for over 160 years.

Can Americans trade on TSX? ›

Yes, American citizens can purchase stocks listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) and TSX Venture Exchange (TSXV). To do so, U.S. investors have a few options. Firstly, they can utilize U.S. online brokerages such as Interactive Brokers, Fidelity's International Platform, or Schwab.

How do you invest in TSX? ›

These stocks and funds can be purchased either through an online brokerage account or full-service brokerage. Note that investing in Canadian stocks may have certain tax implications for investors.

How is TSX calculated? ›

The index is designed to measure the performance of the 50 lowest ranked stocks in the S&P/TSX Composite based on their value score, which is calculated based on three fundamental measures: book value-to-price, earnings-to-price, and sales-to- price.

Who owns Toronto Stock Exchange? ›

It is the 10th largest exchange in the world and the third largest in North America based on market capitalization. Based in the EY Tower in Toronto's Financial District, the TSX is a wholly owned subsidiary of the TMX Group for the trading of senior equities.

What are the main sectors of the TSX? ›

Sector
  • Energy. A world leading marketplace for Energy companies. ...
  • Mining. A world leading marketplace for Mining companies. ...
  • Technology. Access to capital for growth-oriented companies from around the world. ...
  • Life Sciences. A world leading marketplace for Life Sciences companies. ...
  • Clean Technology. ...
  • Diversified Industries.

What is TSX used for? ›

tsx files are designed to include JSX code, which allows embedding HTML-like syntax directly within TypeScript code. This feature is handy when working with React components, as it enables a more natural, declarative style for defining UI components.

What is the largest company on the TSX? ›

Top 10 Constituents by Market Cap.
  • Royal Bank of Canada. RY.
  • Toronto-Dominion Bank (The) TD.
  • Shopify Inc. Class A Subordinate Voting Shares. ...
  • Enbridge Inc. ENB.
  • Canadian Pacific Kansas City Limited. CP.
  • Brookfield Corporation Class A Limited Voting Shares. BN.
  • Thomson Reuters Corporation. TRI.
  • Canadian National Railway Company. CNR.

Why did TSX fall? ›

Aug 1 (Reuters) - Canada's main stock index fell by the most in six months on Thursday as investors worried that weaker economic data globally could be a sign that the Federal Reserve has waited too long to begin its interest rate cutting campaign.

What is the average rate of return on the TSX? ›

It was expanded to include 500 companies in 1957. Between 1957 and 2021, the index averaged an annualized rate of return of roughly 11.88%. If you look at the TSX Composite Index 1, over the 50 year period from November 30, 1971 to November 20, 2021, the average annualized return was 7.94%.

What stocks does TSX sell? ›

Top 10 Constituents
  • Royal Bank of Canada. RY.
  • Toronto-Dominion Bank (The) TD.
  • Enbridge Inc. ENB.
  • Shopify Inc. Class A Subordinate Voting Shares. SHOP.
  • Canadian Pacific Kansas City Limited. CP.
  • Thomson Reuters Corporation. TRI.
  • Brookfield Corporation Class A Limited Voting Shares. BN.
  • Canadian National Railway Company. CNR.

How do I trade in TSX? ›

The best way to invest in the TSX is to sign up for an online brokerage account or a robo-advisor. You can also invest in TSX stocks using a financial planner, though this often costs more in management fees than you'll have to pay to manage your investments on your own.

How does the stock market work in Canada? ›

Like any other free market, the stock market works according to the laws of supply and demand. Supply refers to how much of something is available, and demand is how much of it consumers want to buy. Excess demand will drive prices up and excess supply will push prices down.

What is the minimum price for Toronto Stock Exchange? ›

In April 2020, the Exchange published a bulletin that revised the minimum price at which listed shares may be issued from CA$0.05 to CA$0.01 in certain circ*mstances.

How do I get listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange? ›

Applicants should file a complete set of forecast financial statements covering the current and/or next fiscal year (on a quarterly basis). Forecasts must be accompanied by an independent auditor's opinion that the forecast complies with the CICA Auditing Standards for future-oriented financial information.

How to trade on the Toronto Stock Exchange? ›

How to invest in the TSX
  1. Choose a broker or trading platform. Research brokers or trading platforms that give you access to the TSX or at least lets you buy and sell the TSX stocks that you're interested in. ...
  2. Open a stock-trading account. ...
  3. Fund your account. ...
  4. Buy stocks on the TSX.

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