W3Schools.com (2024)

World Wide Web Communication

The World Wide Web is about communication between web clients and web servers.

Clients are often browsers (Chrome, Edge, Safari), but theycan be any type of program or device.

Servers are most often computers in the cloud.

HTTP Request / Response

Communication between clients and servers is done by requests and responses:

1. A client (a browser) sends an HTTP request to the web
2. A web server receives the request
3. The server runs an application to process the request
4. The server returns an HTTP response (output) to the browser
5. The client (the browser) receives the response

The HTTP Request Circle

A typical HTTP request / response circle:

1. The browser requests an HTML page. The server returns an HTML file.
2. The browser requests a style sheet. The server returns a CSS file.
3. The browser requests an JPG image. The server returns a JPG file.
4. The browser requests JavaScript code. The server returns a JS file
5. The browser requests data. The server returns data (in XML or JSON).

XHR - XML Http Request

All browsers have a built-in XMLHttpRequest Object (XHR).

XHR is a JavaScript object that is used to transfer data between a web browser and a web server.

XHR is often used to request and receive data for the purpose of modifying a web page.

Despite the XML and Http in the name, XHR is used with other protocols than HTTP,and the data can be of many different types like HTML, CSS,XML, JSON, and plain text.

The XHR Object is a Web Developers Dream, because you can:

• Update a web page without reloading the page
• Request data from a server - after the page has loaded
• Receive data from a server - after the page has loaded
• Send data to a server - in the background

The XHR Object is the underlying concept of AJAX andJSON: