For investors, the choice of which bond to buy can be tricky.
Bond investors face a big choice when they have money to invest: Should they pick long-term bonds or short-term bonds for their portfolios? Both types of bonds have advantages and disadvantages, so there's no one right answer for everyone. Instead, you have to look at the pros and cons of both long- and short-term bonds to see if the rewards outweigh the potential problems.
Short-term bonds
Short-term bonds are attractive to many investors because they don't require you to tie up your money for long periods of time. They're suitable for those who will need to spend their invested money in the near future, but they can also be useful even for long-term investors. For instance, if you expect a rise in interest rates over the short run, then investing in a short-term bond will let you reinvest the money at maturity in a bond that by then should be paying a much higher interest rate.
The downside of short-term bonds is that they generally pay lower interest rates than long-term bonds. As a result, in order to get the benefits of a short-term bond, you typically earn less income, forcing you to make sure that the advantages short-term bond investing brings are truly worth it for you.
Long-term bonds
Long-term bonds have much different attributes from short-term bonds. With a long-term bond, you'll typically earn a higher interest rate, as the entities that issue the bonds will be willing to pay more in interest in exchange for the security of locking in a known rate for a longer period of time. If you need to maximize income, then a long-term bond can look extremely attractive.
The downside of long-term bonds is that you lack the flexibility that a short-term bond offers. If interest rates rise, for instance, the value of a long-term bond will usually go down, penalizing you for having committed to a locked-in rate for the long haul. In addition, depending on the issuer, a long-term bond can have a greater risk of default -- especially if the same issuer has other outstanding bonds that mature before the bonds you own.
Solving the dilemma
Most investors end up having a mix of short- and long-term bonds in their portfolios in order to get the best of both worlds. Yet the question still remains how much to invest in each kind, and how you answer that will depend on which traits of each type are more attractive to you. Both short- and long-term bonds are suitable investments for most portfolios. Visit our broker center to set up an investing account and buy either -- or both -- today.
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FAQs
Long-term bonds have a greater duration than short-term bonds. Duration measures the sensitivity of a bond's price to changes in interest rates. For instance, a bond with a duration of 2.0 years will decrease by 2% for every 1% increase in rates.
Is now a good time to buy bonds in 2024? ›
Investment advisers say now is a fine time for bonds. They are a good investment in 2024, experts say, for the same reasons they felt like a bad investment in 2022.
Is now a good time to buy long-term treasury bonds? ›
But the rise in interest rates has made bonds more attractive than they've been in over a decade. Investors can now earn attractive rates on short-term cash through money market funds, while longer-term bonds present an opportunity to lock in yields in case rates fall.
Why are short-term bond funds falling? ›
Rising interest rates crushed bond funds, sending the Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate bond index down a record 13%. Stocks fell, too, stinging investors who had expected bonds to cushion their portfolio during market turbulence.
What are the cons of long-term bonds? ›
The downside of long-term bonds is that you lack the flexibility that a short-term bond offers. If interest rates rise, for instance, the value of a long-term bond will usually go down, penalizing you for having committed to a locked-in rate for the long haul.
Are short-term bond funds a good investment now? ›
Short-term bond funds can be a good place to invest money that you may need in the next few years. Keep in mind that these funds are not risk-free, though they are safer than investing in high-yield bonds or the stock market. Investors looking to earn yields with even less risk, might consider money-market funds.
Can you lose money on bonds if held to maturity? ›
Benefits and risks of bonds
All bonds carry some degree of "credit risk," or the risk that the bond issuer may default on one or more payments before the bond reaches maturity. In the event of a default, you may lose some or all of the income you were entitled to, and even some or all of principal amount invested.
Should you sell bonds when interest rates rise? ›
If you sell your bonds as soon as someone hints at the word "hike," you may be jumping the gun. When the market consensus is that a rate increase is right around the corner, it's time to sell and reinvest the proceeds in higher-paying bonds. One caveat applies to short-term holdings or those that are near maturity.
Why bonds are no longer a good investment? ›
Interest rate changes are the primary culprit when bond exchange-traded funds (ETFs) lose value. As interest rates rise, the prices of existing bonds fall, which impacts the value of the ETFs holding these assets.
Why would anyone buy long term bonds? ›
In a healthy economy, yield curves on bonds are typically normal with longer-term maturities paying higher yields than shorter-term maturities. Long bonds offer one advantage of a locked-in interest rate over time.
Interest rate risks: As are all bonds, Treasury bonds are subject to price volatility as a result of changes in market interest rates. Inflation risk: The interest earned on Treasury securities may not keep pace with inflation (with the exception of Treasury inflation-protected securities, or TIPS).
What is the outlook for bonds in 2024? ›
Investment-grade corporate bonds remain attractive given their lower risk and relatively high yields. Long-term investors who can handle volatility might consider high-yield bonds and preferred securities, but we wouldn't suggest large positions in either.
Should I buy long-term or short-term bonds? ›
All else being equal, a bond with a longer maturity usually will pay a higher interest rate than a shorter-term bond. For example, 30-year Treasury bonds often pay a full percentage point or two more interest than five-year Treasury notes.
Can you lose money on short-term treasury bonds? ›
Treasury bonds, Treasury notes, or Treasury bills sold before their maturity date could mean a loss, depending on bond prices at the time of the sale. Simply put, the face value is only guaranteed if the Treasury is held until maturity.
Which is better short-term or long-term? ›
Long-term investors may enjoy less risk due to the fact they have more time for their portfolios to make up for potential losses. Meanwhile, short-term investors may want to avoid volatile investments, such as some riskier stocks or stock mutual funds.
Do long-term bonds have higher returns? ›
If interest rates were to fall, the value of a bond with a longer duration would rise more than a bond with a shorter duration. Therefore, in our example above, if interest rates were to fall by 1%, the 10-year bond with a duration of just under 9 years would rise in value by approximately 9%.
Why do banks prefer short-term rather than long-term bonds? ›
In a stable and healthy economy, short-term interest rates on loans tend to be lower compared to long-term loans. Due to the fact that the amount borrowed is less relative to long-term loans, there is a lower risk associated with the investment.
What are the differences between short and long-term? ›
Short-term goals are likely measured by weeks, months, or quarters. Long-term goals can be measured by years and may have an undefined timeline. It is much easier to achieve short-term goals because you can easily see progress. Long-term goals are difficult and require patience as there is no immediate obvious payoff.
