What are worms? (2024)

Worms live in many different, often hostile, environments. From your backyard garden to deep-sea hydrothermal vents spewing out poisonous chemicals and the icy cold waters of the Antarctic. Worms are also extremely varied in size, from tiny worms that need a microscope to see up to incredibly long worms half the length of an Olympic swimming pool!

How much do we actually know about these squishy creatures? What kind of animal is a worm?

What kind of animal is a worm?

This is a commonly asked question, with worms having the similarly icky-factor as insects it’s easy to understand why. Both worms and insects are classified under the Kingdom Animalia. The animal kingdom is split into two groups: vertebrate, animals with a backbone, and invertebrate, animals without a backbone. Both worms and insects are invertebrates.

Are worms insects?

No, worms are not insects. Unlike worms, insects have exoskeletons that act like a skeletal support structure and protects the insects’ soft internal organs. Worm skin is usually made up of collagen and does not shed (called moulting) in comparison to insects’ exoskeleton, which is made up of chitin and is shed to allow for growth.

It can be especially confusing because many insects have picked up worm-related names, for example, tequila worm, silk worm, glow worm and inchworms are all actually insect larvae (early life stages) and not actually worms.

What are worms?

Many very different and unrelated types of animals that are generally long and soft are called worms. Of these, three common types of worms are: the flatworm, the roundworm, and the segmented worm. Flatworms are soft, unsegmented invertebrates. They do not have specialised respiratory systems so it restricts them to this flat shape to allow them to breathe through their skin. Flatworms have only one body cavity through which they eat and excrete waste. Roundworms, on the other hand, are very smooth and tubular, and have openings on both ends of their bodies, to eat from one end and excrete waste from another. Segmented worms have body segments and many have parapodia, which are leg-like protrusions that help the worms move around. The best known type of segmented worm is the earthworm.

What are worms? (1)

Interesting worms

Divers recently discovered a new species of worm on the seafloor of the Southern Ocean. These worms are nicknamed the “bone-eating worms” because they eat dead whale bones in the bottom of the ice-cold waters of the Antarctic and parts of the world. The Antarctic bone-eating worms, scientifically known as Osedax antarcticus, secrete acid to dissolve the hard calcium from the bones of a whale carcass in order to feed on the fatty lipids it needs to survive.

Greeffiella, a roundworm, is the Guinness World Record holder for the smallest worm in the world, measuring at merely 80 micrometres long! It is also completely transparent, which makes it easy for scientists to study the worm’s anatomy.

What are worms? (3)

Despite what you may have heard, not all worms are long and squishy. The pig butt worm, Chaetopterus pugaporcinus, has two inflated sections that looks very much like a butt. This round shape allows it to float along with the ocean’s current where it lives.

What are worms? (4)

Worm charming

Beachworms (family Onuphidae) are very popular as fishing bait in many parts of Australia, living deep under the sand of surf beaches. They are scavengers of beach carrion, such as dead fish or seabirds, and have an acute sense of smell, which is the key to finding them. Taking advantage of the beachworm’s very sensitive “nose”, fishers slowly drag a smelly piece of fish or meat along the wash-zone of the beach to attract, even charm, the worms to the surface of the sand. As the worm pokes its head out of the sand to take the bait, the skilful worm catcher will pinch the worm just behind the head and carefully pull out the entire worm, which can be several metres long. It takes much skill and practice, however, to extract the whole worm without breaking the soft body, and many novices have been left with only a worm head in hand. Fortunately for the rest of the worm left behind, it can usually regrow the head.

What are worms? (2024)

FAQs

What type of animal are worms? ›

Worms are invertebrate animals with bilateral symmetry. Worms have a definite anterior (head) end and a posterior (tail) end. The ventral surface of worms and other organisms is the bottom side of the body, often closest to the ground.

Is A worm a bug or a Snake? ›

Worms and snakes are two different species. The differences. Worms are bugs. Snakes are reptiles.

What do worms do in your body? ›

Once in the body, the worms find their way to the small intestine and lay eggs. Those eggs hatch before they are pooped out and the worms may infect someone else. Often there aren't any symptoms, but the worms can cause: Belly pain.

What are worms made of? ›

Earthworms' bodies are made up of ring-like segments called annuli. These segments are covered in setae, or small bristles, which the worm uses to move and burrow. Earthworms' bodies are made up of ring-like segments called annuli.

Is A worm A Parasite or an insect? ›

Worms and slugs are not insects. Insects have six legs, two antennae, and an exoskeleton. Worms and slugs have soft bodies, do not have arms or legs, and move by crawling. Worms crawl by stretching and contracting the strong muscles in their bodies.

Is a worm a reptile or an insect? ›

Worms are neither insects nor amphibians; they are annelids.

Technically, annelids are segmented worms, meaning they have segmented bodies.

Do worms feel pain? ›

Simple animals such as worms and insects do not suffer pain in the human sense, but they do use nociceptive receptor systems to steer away from potentially damaging conditions.

Do worms have lives? ›

Worms can live for years, usually anywhere between 4 to 8 years. It all depends on the climate and predators like birds, toads or rats. However, since the body of a worm consists of 90% water, one of the most common causes of death is when the worm's skin dries out.

Is worms a real thing? ›

Various types of worm occupy a small variety of parasitic niches, living inside the bodies of other animals. Free-living worm species do not live on land but instead live in marine or freshwater environments or underground by burrowing.

Do you still poop if you have worms? ›

A person with intestinal worms may also experience dysentery. Dysentery is when an intestinal infection causes diarrhea with blood and mucus in the stool. Intestinal worms can also cause a rash or itching around the rectum or vulva. In some cases, you will pass a worm in your stool during a bowel movement.

How do I deworm myself? ›

If you have worms, a GP will prescribe medicine to kill them. You take this for 1 to 3 days. The people you live with may also need to be treated. Any worms in your gut will eventually pass out in your poo.

Do worms ever sleep? ›

The team discovered that when worms in a state of lethargus were kept at low oxygen levels, they would fall asleep spontaneously, and nearly three-quarters of their neurons would become inactive. Once oxygen levels were brought up to 21 percent, the creatures woke up and their nerve cells regained activity.

How harmful are worms? ›

At first, symptoms of intestinal worms may be mild or non-existent, but infections can lead to diarrhoea, abdominal pain, weakness, anaemia and nutritional problems. The disease can affect cognitive and physical development, and in severe cases can be fatal.

Why do worms come out at night? ›

During cool, moist days, they can often be found at the surface, where they become a handy food source for robins! But the hot sun often drives the worms back into the soil. Worms emerge at night, when the air is cool and moist. They feed on decaying organic matter on the soil surface.

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