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UX researchers systematically study target users to collect and analyse data that will help inform the product design process.
To develop products that satisfy user needs (and delight them in the process), you’ll need to know who your user is and their needs. This is where user experience (UX) research comes in.
UX researchers systematically study target users to collect and analyse data that will help inform the product design process. In this guide, we’ll take a closer look at what UX researchers do, how they do it, and what steps you can take to start or advance a career in this in-demand field.
What is UX research?
One of the first steps in designing a new product or improving an existing product’s UX is to start thinking about your users. Who are they? Where are they from? What do they want? Why do they want it? How can your product help them get what they want?
As a UX researcher, it’s your job to answer these questions. Instead of making a best guess based on your own subjective experience, you’ll design a research strategy that will empower you to answer these questions in a data-driven way. As a UX researcher, you will conduct several types of research with multi-disciplinary teams to develop a comprehensive understanding of what the user needs in the product to have a fun, accessible, and user-friendly experience. You become an advocate for your users, in a way, giving them a voice in the product development process.
Types of research
As a UX researcher, you generally work with two types of research, qualitative and quantitative. We’ll take a brief look at each type (and when it might be useful).
Quantitative research focuses on numbers and statistics. In terms of usability, this might mean measuring how long it takes an average user to complete a task, what percentage of users successfully completed the task, and how many errors or bugs they encountered along the way. These numbers tend to be most useful when you have something to compare them to—either a previous design or a competitor’s product.
Qualitative research examines non-numerical insights, such as why users had trouble completing a task or how they felt while using a product. If quantitative research gives us the “what,” qualitative research gives us the “why.”
Another distinction made between types of research is that between behavioural and attitudinal research.
Behavioural research methods examine what users do. Where do they click on a page? What navigational path do they take through an app?
Attitudinal research looks at a user’s feelings and attitudes toward an experience.
UX research methods
One aspect of your role as a UX designer will be deciding which research method is appropriate for answering which questions. The UX research tool chest contains a variety of options to help you glean information from your users.
Card sorting: Study participants organise topics into groups that make the most sense to them and create labels for these groups. With this information, designers can create apps and websites that are more intuitive and easy to navigate.
Usability testing: Participants try to complete a task with a product while you observe. This lets you measure how successful users are at completing a task, how quickly they complete it, what problems they encounter, and how satisfied they felt with the process.
A/B testing: This tests two versions of a product against each other to see which the target audience prefers. This can be done with a live product by showing different versions of a webpage to different visitors or sending two different versions of a mailing to different recipient lists.
User interviews: Interviews conducted face to face (either online or in person) offer a quick and easy way to get insight into what a user wants from a potential product or collect qualitative data regarding an existing product. When these interviews are conducted with more than one person at a time, they’re often called focus groups.
UX research surveys: You can design a survey or questionnaire to return both qualitative and quantitative data. By using the same questions and conducting multiple surveys, you can track the improvement of a product throughout its development and lifecycle.
Diary studies: Target users keep a log of their day-to-day activities over a defined (usually extended) period of time. This gives you insight into behaviours and experiences in the real world. You could learn when during the day a user typically engages with your product or how often they use it over the course of a day, a week, or a month.
Contextual observation: Instead of interviewing users in a lab, you’ll observe them in their natural context—at home or at work maybe—while asking questions to better understand how and why they do what they do.
First click testing: This type of user testing examines what a target user clicks on first on a website or app interface when trying to complete a task. You can do a first click test on a live site, prototype, or wireframe.
Ethnographic interviews: This type of interview helps UX researchers get a better understanding of the environment in which a product will be used. Interviews, field studies, and site visits are all important to contextualise the average consumer’s environment.
What does a UX researcher do?
Now that we have a better understanding of what user experience research is, let’s take a closer look at what you might do in your day-to-day role as a UX researcher, as well as what skills and tools you might use to get the job done.
Tasks and responsibilities
A day on the job as a UX researcher will likely vary based on the project you’re working on or the company you’re working for. These are a few of the tasks you may perform on the job:
Collaborating with designers and stakeholders to understand research needs
Defining research questions and selecting appropriate methods of data collection
Developing budgets and timelines for research projects
Recruiting participants for research studies
Conducting design research studies and analysing the data collected
Transforming your findings into easily understandable insights
Presenting your findings to designers, developers, and other stakeholders
Successful UX researchers often develop a set of skills to help them effectively gain insight into current and prospective users. If you’re considering a career in UX research, these are just a few of the skills you can start focusing on now.
Communication skills: Much of the job involves working with a design team and communicating with research participants to answer research questions.
Empathy: Understanding a user’s expectations, frustrations, goals, and reasoning process can help you develop solutions to real user needs.
Design thinking: Each stage of the design thinking process—empathise, define, ideate, prototype, and test—offers opportunities to learn more about our target users.
Problem solving: Thinking critically about what questions you’re trying to answer with your research can help you select the appropriate methodology.
Curiosity: A sense of curiosity can prompt you to ask insightful questions and discover meaningful insights.
Collaboration: As a UX researcher, you’ll often be working alongside developers, designers, product managers, and other stakeholders to bring the best possible product to market.
Written skills: Based on your findings, you may be asked to create basic copy and draft new ideas to send to stakeholders.
Other roles in UI/UX
Research is just one aspect of UI/UX design. If you’re interested in the field, there are some other positions to consider.
UX designers are responsible for making products usable, useful, and enjoyable for users.
UI designers create the visual elements of computer and electronic interfaces.
Information architects organise and manage information to make it intuitive, accessible, and understandable.
UX engineers, more commonly known as developers, translate designs into usable code.
Interaction designers focus on the moment of interaction between the user and a product. This can be its own role or part of a UX/UI designer’s job.
Why pursue a career as a UX researcher?
If you’re a curious person who enjoys working with a team, a career in UX research could be a good fit. It’s an in-demand job in a well-paying industry.
UX researcher salary
According to Glassdoor, the average base pay for UX researchers in the UK is £59,877 per year [1]. However, individual salaries will likely range due to experience, location, company size, and responsibilities of the role.
How to become a UX researcher
UX research, like many areas of UI/UX design, is a relatively new role. As such, you’ll find that there isn’t one established path leading to a career in UX research. Some UX researchers are self-taught, others transition from other careers. As you pursue your own career path, consider these tips.
1. Get a qualification in a relevant discipline.
Most UX researcher positions require candidates with at least a foundation degree, though it doesn’t necessarily have to be in a UX-related field. Earning your degree in a field related to technology or behavioural and social science could be beneficial. Here are some degrees to consider if you're interested in a career in UX:
Human-computer interaction
Psychology
Digital marketing
Product design
Graphic design
Usually, you will need at least 1 to 2 A levels to enter a foundation degree or 2 to 2 A levels to enter a university degree.
This may seem like a big variety. In reality, user researchers come from a huge range of backgrounds. Many may not have even found out about UX until they were well out of college or university. If you already have a degree in an unrelated topic, don't worry. You can find other ways to develop UX skills.
2. Develop your user research skills.
Aside from a degree, you’ll find numerous ways to learn about the tools and techniques of user research while developing your skills in the industry. Depending on your learning style, here are a few ways you can start building your skill set today:
Complete the Google UX Design Professional Certificate on Coursera. You'll walk through the design process from beginning to end. A full module of the programme is dedicated to user research.
Take advantage of free resources, like blogs and podcasts, to learn the vocabulary of the industry and stay on top of latest trends.
Enrol in other courses or UX bootcamps. Some universities also offer UX research certificates or specialisations for non-degree-seeking learners.
3. Gain UX research experience.
Browse job postings for UX researcher positions, and you’ll sometimes see related work experience listed as a requirement. Luckily, you don’t have to wait until you get a job to start gaining hands-on experience.
Volunteer your UX research skills for a local small business or non-profit user research sessions to build your experience. Online user experience communities are often available to help match your skills with a mentor and begin to build your network within this industry.
Many large companies, including Google, Meta, Adobe, Apple, and Microsoft, offer UX internships, and some of these could have a research component. Applying for an internship is much like applying for a job. The process typically involves an application and interview. Look for opportunities posted on LinkedIn or Twitter. If there's a particular company you'd like to intern for, keep an eye on their site for new openings.
Join a hackathon team. Put your UX research skills to work by joining one of these fast-paced, competitive software development events. It's a great way to network with other UX and design professionals while collaborating on a project for your portfolio. Browse sites like hackathon.io or the Hackathon Hackers Facebook group to find a team to join, build your network, and learn about events online or in your area.
4. Build your portfolio.
Speaking of portfolios, your portfolio demonstrates your skills and experience to potential employers, making it a key element of your application. As you take classes, complete projects, or volunteer your time, keep track of your work and include your best and most recent projects in your portfolio.
You can host your portfolio on your own website (services like Wix and Squarespace are popular for this), or you can use LinkedIn or a GitHub repository as a free platform for showcasing your best work.
To brush up on your skills or add to your existing portfolio, consider the Using Google Forms to Analyse User Research Data Guided Project from the Coursera Project Network. In about an hour, you can work on creating surveys, gathering results, and presenting insights.
5. Submit a direct application.
Once you have gained relevant experience and skills, try submitting a direct application to a company you are interested in working for or working with a specialist agency to learn about job opportunities. In general, to be a strong candidate you will need to have knowledge of UX design practices, how to use different research methods appropriately, how to run UX research sessions, and how to present findings to different audiences.
6. Grow your network.
Start building a network of people in the UX industry. This could include coworkers at your current job, UX research organisations, or online UX communities. Networking is often an effective way to find out about new opportunities and meet potential employers.
Networking during your job search can be a great way to get interviews. For tips and strategies on how to network, as well as a step-by-step guide on getting more interviews.
Get started with Coursera
Whether you’re new to UX research or looking to advance your career in this field, the Google UX Design Professional Certificate on Coursera is a great way to build your knowledge and set you up for success in the UX field. You will learn in-demand skills such as how to plan and execute user research, apply foundational UX concepts, and create a portfolio that will stand out to employers. Upon completion, gain exclusive access to career resources like resume review and interview preparation.
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