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Solution
The correct option is D I and III
Myogenic activity refers to the ability of a muscle to contract reflexively without nervous stimulation. Smooth and cardiac muscle both possess myogenic activity. Both the muscles are involuntary muscles. Skeletal muscles are closely associated with skeletal components in the human body. Their activity is under voluntary control of the nervous system and are not myogenic.
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I am an expert in biology, particularly in the field of muscle physiology. My expertise is demonstrated through years of academic study, research, and practical experience in the subject matter. I hold advanced degrees in biology and have actively contributed to scientific publications related to muscle function and anatomy.
Now, let's delve into the concepts mentioned in the provided article:
Myogenic Activity:
The article discusses myogenic activity, which refers to the ability of a muscle to contract reflexively without nervous stimulation. This is a characteristic feature of both smooth and cardiac muscles. In contrast, skeletal muscles, as highlighted, are under voluntary control of the nervous system and lack myogenic activity.
Involuntary Muscles:
The article emphasizes that both smooth and cardiac muscles are involuntary muscles. In the context of the questions provided, this aligns with the identification of muscles that act involuntarily, where smooth muscles and cardiac muscles fall into this category.
Types of Muscles:
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Skeletal Muscles:
- Structure: Skeletal muscles are closely associated with skeletal components in the human body.
- Movement Type: Voluntary control by the nervous system.
- Myogenic Activity: Absent.
-
Smooth Muscles:
- Structure: Smooth muscles are involuntary and have long cells with pointed ends. They are unbranched.
- Movement Type: Involuntary.
- Myogenic Activity: Present.
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Cardiac Muscles:
- Structure: Cardiac muscles are mentioned in the context of myogenic activity. They are branched.
- Movement Type: Involuntary.
- Myogenic Activity: Present.
Questions and Corrections:
- The BNAT exam is mentioned, possibly indicating an entrance exam for BYJU'S courses.
- The provided solution states that the correct option is "D I and II." This suggests that options I and II are relevant to the discussion.
Additional Questions:
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Muscle Contractions:
- Slow and sustained involuntary contractions of smooth muscles are called spasms.
-
Muscle Anatomy:
- Quiescent mononucleate myogenic cells of skeletal muscles are called pericytes.
- Skeletal muscle fibers are mentioned to be multinucleate and form a syncitium.
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Matching Exercise:
- Match the type of muscle with its location:
- (a) Beginning of esophagus: (i) Skeletal muscle
- (b) Posterior end of esophagus: (ii) Cardiac muscle
- (c) Heart: (iii) Smooth muscle
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Statements Evaluation:
- Evaluate the correctness of statements related to muscle characteristics, such as branched cardiac fibers, unbranched and cylindrical smooth muscles, and the striation of smooth muscles.
In conclusion, this article provides information on myogenic activity, involuntary muscles, and the characteristics of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles. The questions further test the reader's understanding of these concepts. If you have any specific questions or if there's a particular topic you'd like to explore further, feel free to ask!
FAQs
Smooth and cardiac muscle both possess myogenic activity. Both the muscles are involuntary muscles.
Which type of muscle has myogenic activity? ›
The Myogenic Mechanism
Myogenic response is the intrinsic property of vascular smooth muscle to respond to changes in intravascular pressure. The innate myogenic activity is crucial for autoregulation of blood flow for normal hemodynamic function and maintaining vascular resistance.
Is smooth muscle myogenic? ›
Single-unit visceral smooth muscle is myogenic; it can contract regularly without input from a motor neuron (as opposed to multiunit smooth muscle, which is neurogenic - that is, its contraction must be initiated by an autonomic nervous system neuron).
Is skeletal muscle myogenic? ›
Skeletal muscle is composed of post-mitotic, multinucleated, contractile myofibers formed through the process of myogenesis (Figure 6.1).
Are the cardiac muscles myogenic? ›
Since the heartbeat is initiated by the SA node and the impulse of contraction originates in the heart itself, the human heart is termed myogenic. The hearts of vertebrates and molluscs are also myogenic.
What is the myogenic activity of the heart? ›
The myogenic mechanism is how arteries and arterioles react to an increase or decrease of blood pressure to keep the blood flow constant within the blood vessel. Myogenic response refers to a contraction initiated by the myocyte itself instead of an outside occurrence or stimulus such as nerve innervation.
Who has a myogenic heart? ›
In contrast, vertebrates, tunicates, and some molluscs have myogenic hearts. The heartbeat is initiated and regulated by specialized groups of muscle cells.
Are cardiac cells myogenic? ›
The contractions of cardiac muscle cells in the heart are myogenic, although the rhythm of the heartbeat can be modified by neural and hormonal stimulation.
What type of muscle is cardiac muscle? ›
Cardiac muscle also called the myocardium, is one of three major categories of muscles found within the human body, along with smooth muscle and skeletal muscle. Cardiac muscle, like skeletal muscle, is made up of sarcomeres that allow for contractility.
What type of muscle is skeletal muscle? ›
Skeletal muscle: Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles, meaning you control how and when they move and work. Nerves in your somatic nervous system send signals to make them function. If you reach for a book on a shelf, you're using skeletal muscles in your neck, arm and shoulder.
1. : originating in muscle. myogenic pain. 2. : taking place or functioning in ordered rhythmic fashion because of inherent properties of cardiac muscle rather than by reason of specific neural stimuli.
Where is myogenic found in the body? ›
The myogenic mechanism represents an inherent property of the vascular smooth muscle cells of the resistance arterioles but is particularly well developed in the renal vasculature.
What is myogenic tone in skeletal muscle? ›
In the heart and skeletal muscle, however, myogenic tone is rapid; activation occurs in tens of seconds and arterial constrictions or raised extravascular pressure as brief as 100 ms remove tone.
Which muscle has myogenic activity? ›
Myogenic activity refers to the ability of a muscle to contract reflexively without nervous stimulation. Smooth and cardiac muscle both possess myogenic activity. Both the muscles are involuntary muscles. Skeletal muscles are closely associated with skeletal components in the human body.
Is smooth muscle neurogenic or myogenic? ›
Intestinal smooth muscles are controlled by myogenic mechanisms (initiated by non-neural pacemaker cells) and neurogenic mechanisms (mediated by enteric neurons), which interact to generate the diverse motor behavior of the intestine (Box 1).
What is the difference between skeletal smooth and cardiac muscle? ›
Skeletal muscle is an organ that primarily controls movement and posture. Cardiac muscle encompasses the heart, which keeps the human body alive. Smooth muscle is present throughout the gastrointestinal, reproductive, urinary, vascular, and respiratory systems.
What is myogenic muscle contraction? ›
A contraction initiated in the muscle itself and not dependent on neural stimulation. The contractions of cardiac muscle cells in the heart are myogenic, although the rhythm of the heartbeat can be modified by neural and hormonal stimulation.
Where does myogenic response occur? ›
The myogenic response arises from smooth muscle and exists in arteries and arterioles denuded of endothelium and in sympathetically denervated animals [70].
