1. World Register of Marine Species - Hexapoda - WoRMS
Hexapoda ; Classification. Biota; Animalia (Kingdom); Arthropoda (Phylum); Crustacea (Subphylum); Allotriocarida (Superclass); Hexapoda (Class) ; Status. accepted.
WoRMS taxon details
2. A new story of four Hexapoda classes: Protura as the sister to all ...
8 jan 2024 · A new story of four Hexapoda classes: Protura as the sister to all other hexapods ... For partitioned analyses, the best partitioning scheme and ...
Insects represent the most diverse animal group, yet previous phylogenetic analyses based on the morphological and molecular data have failed to agree on the evolutionary relationships of early insects and their six-legged relatives (together constituting the clade Hexapoda). In particular, the phylogenetic positions of the three early-diverging hexapod groups, the coneheads (Protura), springtails (Collembola), and two-pronged bristletails (Diplura), have been debated for over a century, with alternative topologies implying drastically different scenarios of the evolution of the insect body plan and hexapod terrestrialisation. We addressed this issue by sampling of all hexapod orders, and experimented with a broad range of across-site compositional heterogeneous models designed to tackle ancient divergences. Our analyses support Protura as the earliest-diverging hexapod lineage (Protura-sister) and Collembola as a sister group to the Diplura, a clade we refer to as ‘Antennomusculata’ characterised by the shared possession of internal muscles in the antennal flagellum. The universally recognized ‘Ellipura’ hypothesis is recovered under the site-homogenous LG model. Our cross-validation analysis shows that the CAT-GTR model that recovers Protura-sister fits significantly better than homogenous model. Furthermore, as a very unusual group, Protura as the first diverging lineage of hexapods is also supported by other lines of evidence, such as mitogenomics, comparative embryology,...
3. Hexapods (Subphylum Hexapoda) - iNaturalist
The subphylum Hexapoda (from the Greek for six legs) constitutes the largest number of species of arthropods and includes the insects as well as three much ...
The subphylum Hexapoda (from the Greek for six legs) constitutes the largest number of species of arthropods and includes the insects as well as three much smaller groups of wingless arthropods: Collembola, Protura, and Diplura (all of these were once considered insects). The Collembola (or springtails) are very abundant in terrestrial environments. Hexapods are named for their most distinctive feature: a consolidated thorax with three pairs of legs. Most other arthropods hav (Source: Wikipedia, '', http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexapoda, CC BY-SA 3.0 . Photo: (c) Tom Murray, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Tom Murray)
4. Hexapoda (Insects) - Chemistry LibreTexts
6 sep 2019 · Amongst the hexapods, the insects (Figure) are the largest class in terms of species diversity as well as biomass in terrestrial habitats.
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5. superclass Hexapoda - Arthropoda Species File
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This is your first entry to the "Taxa hierarchy" display. You can modify these specifications at any time by clicking the "Change items displayed" button in the header.
6. A new story of four Hexapoda classes: Protura as the sister to all ...
A new story of four Hexapoda classes: Protura as the sister to all ... Back to top. PreviousNext. Posted January 08, 2024. Download PDF. Print/Save Options.
Insects represent the most diverse animal group, yet previous phylogenetic analyses based on the morphological and molecular data have failed to agree on the evolutionary relationships of early insects and their six-legged relatives (together constituting the clade Hexapoda). In particular, the phylogenetic positions of the three early-diverging hexapod groups, the coneheads (Protura), springtails (Collembola), and two-pronged bristletails (Diplura), have been debated for over a century, with alternative topologies implying drastically different scenarios of the evolution of the insect body plan and hexapod terrestrialisation. We addressed this issue by sampling of all hexapod orders, and experimented with a broad range of across-site compositional heterogeneous models designed to tackle ancient divergences. Our analyses support Protura as the earliest-diverging hexapod lineage (Protura-sister) and Collembola as a sister group to the Diplura, a clade we refer to as ‘Antennomusculata’ characterised by the shared possession of internal muscles in the antennal flagellum. The universally recognized ‘Ellipura’ hypothesis is recovered under the site-homogenous LG model. Our cross-validation analysis shows that the CAT-GTR model that recovers Protura-sister fits significantly better than homogenous model. Furthermore, as a very unusual group, Protura as the first diverging lineage of hexapods is also supported by other lines of evidence, such as mitogenomics, comparative embryology,...
7. [DOC] Entomology: Orders and Families of Hexapoda - Biology
864 pp. Phylum Arthropoda. subphylum Atelocerata. Class Hexapoda (Insecta) ... Good pets. Order: Phasmatodea (walking sticks or leaf insects) page 227 ...
8. Molecular phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of ...
31 okt 2013 · The subphylum Hexapoda (Insecta sensu lato) is taxonomically classified into two major classes: Entognatha and Ectognatha (Insecta sensu stricto) ...
Molecular phylogenetic analyses have revealed that Hexapoda and Crustacea form a common clade (the Pancrustacea), which is now widely accepted among zoologists; however, the origin of Hexapoda remains unresolved. The main problems are the unclear relationships among the basal hexapod lineages, Protura (proturans), Collembola (springtails), Diplura (diplurans), and Ectognatha (bristletails, silverfishes, and all winged insects). Mitogenomic analyses have challenged hexapod monophyly and suggested the reciprocal paraphyly of Hexapoda and Crustacea, whereas studies based on nuclear molecular data support the monophyletic origin of hexapods. Additionally, there are significant discrepancies with respect to these issues between the results of morphological and molecular studies. To investigate these problems, we performed phylogenetic analyses of Pancrustacea based on the protein sequences of three orthologous nuclear genes encoding the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase delta and the largest and second largest subunits of RNA polymerase II from 64 species of arthropods, including representatives of all hexapod orders. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted based on the inferred amino acid (aa) sequences (~3400 aa in total) of the three genes using the maximum likelihood (ML) method and Bayesian inference. Analyses were also performed with additional datasets generated by excluding long-branch taxa or by using different outgroups. These analyses all yielded essentially the same res...
9. Hexapoda - Explore the Taxonomic Tree | FWS.gov
One of the easiest ways that ... Hexapoda. Class, Insecta. Subclass, Pterygota. Infraclass, Neoptera. Superorder, Paraneoptera. Order, Hemiptera. Suborder ...
Hexapods
10. [PDF] Cpt 22 Hexapoda SMALL.pdf - Richard C. Brusca
16 aug 2016 · The arthropod subphylum Hexapoda comprises the class Insecta and three ... best represented in the Holarctic region. Some feed on nectar ...
11. [PDF] Hexapods
Flattened from the top. • Legs short, robust, each with a single strong ... (Hexapoda nr 47), Species less than 6 mm also. Noteridae which has clubbed ...
12. Origin of the Hexapoda | Journal of Crustacean Biology
... good working models of the hexapod leg groundplan, their undivided tarsus ending in a single claw being homologous to the propodus-dactyl of Crustacea.
13. [PDF] Hexapoda
protected the legs or spiracles. ➢ Later, these fixed lobes could have been used in gliding from the top of tall plants to the forest floor ...
14. Classification of insects - Royal Entomological Society
Class: Insecta (only the insects). Order: Diptera (only the true flies). Family ... Hexapoda is then divided into two classes: the Entognatha includes ...
There are over 24,000 species of insects in Britain and, globally, well over one million species have been described to date. The classification of insects can be complex but it is very important to group and…
15. Insect | Definition, Characteristics, Types, Beneficial, Pest ... - Britannica
22 okt 2024 · Insect, (class Insecta or Hexapoda), any member of the largest class of the phylum Arthropoda, which is itself the largest of the animal phyla.
Insect, any member of the class Insecta, the largest class of phylum Arthropoda. Insects have segmented bodies, jointed legs, and exoskeletons. They are distinguished from other arthropods by their body, which has three major regions: the head, the three-segmented thorax, and the many-segmented abdomen.
16. Superclass Hexapoda - Braconidae - An illustrated key to all subfamilies
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The most recognizable feature of the hexapods is the reduction in walking appendages to six, with three postcephalic, consolidated body segments forming the thorax, which provides much of the locomotory ability of the animals. The abdomen has 6 to 12 segments, with rudiments of limbs on the first 9 in primitive forms, and with gonopore near the posterior end of the body (opistogoneate). Trachea are used for respiration. During larval growth, there is no increase in the number of segments (epimorphic). Most of the other arthropods have more than three pairs of legs. Originally, the hexapods have antennae, trignatous mouthparts comprising unsegmented whole-limb mandibles, followed by the maxillae and labium. The hexapods are terrestrial or secondarily aquatic arthropods, ruling the land, while the crustaceans dominate the marine environments. The superclass Hexapoda includes the Collembola, Protura, Diplura, and Insecta. The first three taxa are soil or litter dwellers. Collembola (springtails) are probably the most abundant arthropods on earth. The Protura is a group of very small, pale arthropods that are rarely encountered. Diplurans are a few families of larger, pale arthropods that are frequently found in moist soils. To be exact, the assemblage formed by the Hexapoda must be grouped as wingless Collembola, Protura, Diplura, and Apterygota (the primitively wingless, terrestrial insects) and Pterygota, the adults of which are winged or secondarily apterous....
17. [PDF] 1 Today we begin discussion of the Hexapoda, the 6-legged arthropods ...
Again, some people consider these to be Orders while others now consider some or all of them to be Classes. The first three primitive orders (Protura, ...
18. [PDF] Chapter 8. Class Hexapoda: general introduction
Insects can be top predators in a food web or be part of the diet of other top predators (other invertebrates, amphi- bians, and fish). The most common insect ...
19. hexapods are terrestrial crustaceans and maxillopods are not monophyletic
Clade 33, which is supported, includes four classes within two well-supported clades (Hexapoda (Regier et al. 2004a) and Branchiopoda) and one supported clade ( ...
Recent molecular analyses indicate that crustaceans and hexapods form a clade (Pancrustacea or Tetraconata), but relationships among its constituent lineages, including monophyly of crustaceans, are controversial. Our phylogenetic analysis of three ...
20. 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Hexapoda - Wikisource
2 nov 2021 · The class Hexapoda has a world-wide range, and so have most of its ... In some way it is assured among the highest of the Hexapoda—the ...
HEXAPODA (Gr. ἕξ, six, and πούς, foot), a term used in systematic zoology for that class of the Arthropoda, popularly known as insects. Linnaeus in his Systema naturae (1735) grouped under the class Insecta all segmented animals with firm exoskeleton and jointed limbs—that is to say, the insects, centipedes, millipedes, crustaceans, spiders, scorpions and their allies. This assemblage is now generally regarded as a great division (phylum or sub-phylum) of the animal kingdom and known by K. T. E. von Siebold’s (1848) name of Arthropoda. For the class of the true insects included in this phylum, Linnaeus’s old term Insecta, first used in a restricted sense by M. J. Brisson (1756), is still adopted by many zoologists, while others prefer the name Hexapoda, first used systematically in its modern sense by P. A. Latreille in 1825 (Familles naturelles du règne animal), since it has the advantage of expressing, in a single word, an important characteristic of the group. The terms “Hexapoda” and “hexapod” had already been used by F. Willughby, J. Ray and others in the late 17th century to include the active larvae of beetles, as well as bugs, lice, fleas and other insects with undeveloped wings.
