Breeding/Overview (2024)

FAQs

Breeding/Overview? ›

breeding, application of genetic principles in animal husbandry, agriculture, and horticulture to improve desirable qualities. Ancient agriculturists improved many plants through selective cultivation.

Breeders must understand the reproductive system of the crop they are working on to make knowledgeable decisions about which breeding methods (i.e., crossing techniques, population maintenance, isolation distances, line and population development) are suitable and which type of cultivar (i.e., hybrid, pure-line, ...

the producing of offspring. the improvement or development of breeds of livestock, as by selective mating and hybridization. Horticulture. the production of new forms by selection, crossing, and hybridizing.

Key factors in selecting breeding stock include litter size, strength, milking ability, and temperament. Common breeding systems are inbreeding, outbreeding, outcrossing, and crossbreeding between two breeds.

a) The objective of animal breeding are as follows: To increase animal yield. To improve the desirable quality of animal produce. To produce disease-resistant varieties of animals.

For animals, breeding happens when two animals have a baby such as a dog having puppies or a sheep having lambs. Offspring can be born through live birth, which is how baby humans are born, or hatched from eggs, which is how chickens and some species of fish, snakes and other animals are born.

True breeding in genetics refers to organisms that are hom*ozygous for genes. This means that both alleles are the same, so PP or TT as opposed to Pp or Tt. When true breeding organisms are crossed, all progeny will have the same phenotype as the parents.

What is breeding behavior? ›

Reproductive behavior is a broad term encompassing solicitation and seeking behaviors involved in attracting and finding a mate, copulation for the exchange of gametes, and the care and nurturing of offspring after they are born.

The scientific theory of animal breeding incorporates population genetics, quantitative genetics, statistics, and recently molecular genetics and is based on the pioneering work of Sewall Wright, Jay Lush, and Charles Henderson.

Animal breeding plays an important part in progressing animal production systems, from conventional to organics. By improving the abilities of animals for certain traits entire populations can be enhanced, creating benefits for farmers, consumers, and the environment.

New breeding techniques (NBTs) make specific changes within plant DNA in order to change its traits, and these modifications can vary in scale from altering single base, to inserting or removing one or more genes.

What do we mean by Breeding Strategies? • Tactics designed to integrate new technologies and to improve old ones, for the purpose of maximizing performance of existing stock (Charles Smith).

Breeding Methods

Generally, population improvement methods such as recurrent selection, mass selection and progeny testing are suitable for the development of new variation. ³⁸. Vegetative male or female plants are more productive than male plants. Therefore, selection should be made for predominantly female plants.

Four way crosses - the crossed animal, AB, is mated with the crosses CD. Rotation crossbreeding can be carried out with 3, 4 or 5 breeds or lines. In this case 4 is used, the next breed to be used is C and then D. Normally the females are crosses while the males are pure bred animals.

The four-breed rotation is just like the other rotations, only with four breeds of sire utilized. Breed A sires are mated to females sired by Breed B, Breed B sires are mated to females sire by Breed C, Breed C sires are mated to females sired by Breed D, and Breed D sires are mated to females sired by Breed A.

Outbreeding is the most common used breeding system by commercial breeders (Dekkers 2004), since outbreeding breeders often need to increase heterozygosity to eliminate undesired genetic traits, to therefore satisfy commercial standards.