Quantom encryption - Time to crack? (3/3) (2024)

Estimating the time required to crack RSA-2048 encryption using a data center the size of Google's is a bit of a speculative exercise. Google's exact computational capacity isn't publicly disclosed in detail, and "Google-size datacenter" is quite abstract since Google has multiple data centers around the world with vast computational resources.

However, let's try to provide a rough estimate based on some broad assumptions:

  • Google's Data Center Computational Power: Let's assume a single modern core can perform around 10^9 (or 1 billion) operations per second (1 GigaFLOP/s, though this can vary a lot depending on the exact operation and hardware specifics).
  • Size of Google's Data Center: Google's data centers contain millions of servers. If we conservatively estimate that each server has about 16 cores (it could be more), and Google has 1 million such servers (though they likely have more), that's 16 million cores.
  • Total Operations: Based on the above, Google's data centers could potentially perform (10^9 operations/second/core) (16 10^6 cores) = 1.6 x 10^16 operations per second.
  • Time Required for 10^40 Operations:
  • (10^40 operations) ÷ (1.6 x 10^16 operations/second) = 6.25 x 10^23 seconds

Now, let's convert this massive number of seconds into years:

6.25 x 10^23 seconds ÷ (60 seconds/minute) ÷ (60 minutes/hour) ÷ (24 hours/day) ÷ (365.25 days/year) = approx. 1.98 x 10^16 years

So, even with the assumed computational capacity of Google's data centers, it would take approximately 19.8 quadrillion years to crack RSA-2048 using brute force. This is an astronomical time frame, far longer than the current age of the universe (which is about 13.8 billion years). This rough estimate gives perspective on why RSA-2048 is still considered secure against brute-force attacks using classical computers.

Remember, these are very rough estimates based on hypotheticals and assumptions. The real-world scenario could differ.

Future Implications for Cryptography: A New Dawn in Digital Security

As we glimpse into the future of cryptography, Google's endeavor to blend classical and quantum-resistant cryptographic methods is indicative of a larger paradigm shift. Here's how their cutting-edge fusion could redefine and shape the cryptographic landscape:

1. Paving the Way for New Standards in Digital Authentication:

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  • Potential for Ubiquity: Imagine a world where every online transaction, be it online shopping, bank logins, or even accessing your cloud storage, is guarded by Google's ECC/Dilithium fusion. If FIDO2, which is already widely recognized and adopted, integrates this quantum-resistant proposal, we could witness a universal embrace of this advanced security measure. Example: Today, when a user logs into their online bank account, FIDO2-compatible hardware keys provide a strong two-factor authentication layer. Now, factor in Google's quantum-resilient enhancement. Future bank transactions could be safeguarded against even the most sophisticated quantum threats, offering unparalleled security.

2. Constructing an Impenetrable Digital Bastion:

  • Quantum-Proofing the Web: As quantum computing grows in capability, the risk of quantum-led cyberattacks increases. With Google's hybrid cryptographic method, websites, cloud services, and online platforms can preemptively defend against such quantum threats, ensuring user data remains sacrosanct. Example: Consider encrypted cloud storage solutions like Dropbox or Google Drive. In a post-quantum world, without the right encryption, a quantum computer could potentially decrypt sensitive documents and confidential data. But with the ECC/Dilithium encryption, users can rest assured that their digital assets are safely locked away from quantum prying eyes.

3. Illuminating the Path Forward for Diverse Sectors:

  • A Blueprint for Broader Adoption: Google's trailblazing efforts could very well act as a beacon, guiding industries from finance to healthcare in integrating post-quantum cryptographic standards. Example: Healthcare, with its troves of sensitive patient data, could greatly benefit from Google's cryptographic advances. Patient records, medical research data, and personal health information, once encrypted with this hybrid methodology, would be safeguarded against future quantum decryption attempts, ensuring patient confidentiality and trust.

In summation, Google's proactive stride into quantum-resilient cryptography is not just about immediate security. It's about envisioning a future where digital interactions, irrespective of their nature, are secure, trustful, and unyielding to the immense power of quantum computers. It's about crafting a safer digital tomorrow for everyone.

Conclusion:

In its Quantum Resilient FIDO2 Security Key Implementation, Google isn't merely unveiling a product but signaling a paradigm shift. It encapsulates the zeitgeist of our era: a proactive embrace of the future. As we project forward, it's tantalizing to imagine a world where cryptography evolves in tandem with quantum advances, ensuring that no matter how advanced malicious actors become, our defenses remain a step ahead.

Yes, contact me if you need help...we have the tools and the team.

Quantom encryption - Time to crack? (3/3) (2024)

FAQs

How long would it take a quantum computer to crack encryption? ›

A 256-bit encryption is considered to be highly secure and it would take classical computers millions of years to crack it. However, quantum computers could potentially crack this level of encryption in mere seconds or minutes.

Will quantum break encryption? ›

It turns out that all current asymmetric cryptography implementations, including RSA, Diffie-Hellman, and elliptic curve cryptography, are theoretically breakable by quantum computers. Interestingly, the less mathematical encryption approach, symmetric cryptography, is less susceptible.

How close are quantum computers to breaking RSA? ›

Quantum basics

Our blog post explains in detail what a quantum computer is, how it works, and why it's so difficult to build. So far, all experts have agreed that a quantum computer large enough to crack RSA would probably be built no sooner than around a few dozen decades.

How many qubits are needed to break RSA 2048? ›

Microsoft Research has calculated around 2500 qubits are needed to compute elliptic curve discrete logarithms to crack a standard 256-bit key. Around 4000 qubits are needed for 2048-bit RSA.

Has AES 128 ever been cracked? ›

Hence, it is safe to say that AES-128 encryption is safe against brute-force attacks. AES has never been cracked yet and it would take large amounts of computational power to crack this key. Governmental organizations and businesses trust the AES for securing sensitive information.

How long would it take a quantum computer to crack Enigma? ›

Therefore, a single core can try 30 million configurations in a second. So to try all possibilities, it'll take us 150 trillion divided by 30, which is 5 trillion seconds: about 160,000 years!

Can quantum crack AES? ›

Grover's algorithm is a quantum algorithm for unstructured data that provides a quadratic speedup in the computation over classical computing. This can result in AES-128 being feasible to crack, but AES-256 is still considered quantum resistant—at least until 2050, (as referenced throughout ETSI GR QSC 006 V1. 1.1.)

How many qubits to break AES-256? ›

According to the Kryptera researchers, breaking AES-128 encryption should require a quantum computer with 2,953 logical qubits, while breaking AES-256 would need 6,681 qubits. Then there is the “Shor” algorithm, which can break asymmetric encryption with twice as many qubits as the key size.

How long does it take to break 2048 bit encryption? ›

Time Required for 10^40 Operations:

So, even with the assumed computational capacity of Google's data centers, it would take approximately 19.8 quadrillion years to crack RSA-2048 using brute force. This is an astronomical time frame, far longer than the current age of the universe (which is about 13.8 billion years).

Which is better 1024 bit or 2048 bit RSA? ›

While necessary for maintaining strong security for a site, 2048 bit RSA key lengths are very processor intensive; quite a bit more (upwards of 4 times) intensive as 1024 bit keys. Before moving to these key lengths, it is important to understand the effect on the system it will have.

Should I use RSA 2048 or 4096? ›

The difference between RSA 2048 and RSA 4096 lies in their bit length, with RSA 2048 being 2048 bits long and RSA 4096 doubling that at 4096 bits, offering enhanced security at the cost of increased processing time. NIST deems RSA 2048 sufficient until 2030, balancing security strength and computational efficiency.

Why is RSA encryption hard to break? ›

‍RSA encryption is strong because factoring is a one-way problem. It's very easy to multiply two primes together, but very difficult to find prime factors of a large number. That's what the technology relies on.

Can quantum computers break 256 encryption? ›

Grover's algorithm is a quantum algorithm for unstructured data that provides a quadratic speedup in the computation over classical computing. This can result in AES-128 being feasible to crack, but AES-256 is still considered quantum resistant—at least until 2050, (as referenced throughout ETSI GR QSC 006 V1. 1.1.)

Can quantum computers break symmetric encryption? ›

As it turns out, quantum computers can theoretically be used to break all existing implementations of asymmetric cryptography — not only RSA, but Diffie-Hellman and elliptic curve cryptography as well. Interestingly, symmetric cryptography, the less mathy encryption scheme, is not as vulnerable.

Can quantum cryptography be broken? ›

The hope is that quantum computers will not break these four algorithms, he says, although there is always that possibility. According to Moody, no one can guarantee that no one will ever develop a smart new attack that could break a post-quantum cryptographic algorithm.

Can quantum computers break Bitcoin encryption? ›

According to researchers at the University of Sussex, a quantum computer with 1.9 billion qubits of processing power would be needed to break into the Bitcoin network within 10 minutes. This would require hackers to deploy millions of quantum computers, a scenario that is highly unlikely for the foreseeable future.

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