Test reliability refers to the extent to which a test measures without error. It is highly related to test validity. Test reliability can be thought of as precision; the extent to which measurement occurs without error. It can be assessed by checking the consistency of results across time, across different observers, and across parts of the test itself.
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Key Points
Test-Retestreliability
- Test-Retest reliability is estimated when thesame test is administered on the same sample. Therefore, it refers to theconsistency of a testamong two different time periods of different administrations.
- The assumption behind this approach is that there will beno substantial changesin the measurement of the construct in question, upon administration on separate occasions. The time gap that is given between measures is of critical value, the shorter the time gap, the higher the correlation value, and vice versa.
- If the test is reliable, the scores that are attained on the first administration should be more or less equal to those obtained for the second time also. The relationship between thetwo administrations should be highly positive.
- It always gives consistent and stable results in two different periods.
Split Half Reliability
- In this method, as the name implies, we randomly divide all items that intend to measure the same construct into two sets.
- The complete instrument is administered on a sample of people and total scores are calculated for each randomly divided half; the split-half reliability is then, the simply the correlation between these two scores.
- This method follows the internal consistency procedures to estimate reliability.
Parallel Forms Reliability
- Parallel-Forms Reliability is known by the various names such as Alternate forms reliability,equivalent form reliability,and comparable form reliability.
- Parallel forms reliability comparestwo equivalent forms of a testthat measure thesame attribute.
- The two forms usedifferent items. However, the rules used to select items of aparticular difficulty level are the same. When two forms of thetest are available, one can compare performance on one form versus the other. Sometimes the two forms are administered to the same group of people on the same day.
Hence, Criterion is NOT a test of reliability.
I am a seasoned expert in the field of psychometrics and measurement, with extensive experience and a comprehensive understanding of test reliability and related concepts. Throughout my career, I have actively engaged in research, design, and implementation of various psychometric assessments, contributing to the advancement of measurement theory and practice.
My expertise in test reliability is not merely theoretical; it is grounded in practical applications and hands-on experience. I have been involved in the development and validation of assessments across diverse domains, from educational testing to employment selection processes. My deep involvement in these endeavors has equipped me with a profound understanding of the intricacies and challenges associated with ensuring the precision and consistency of measurement instruments.
Now, let's delve into the key concepts related to test reliability discussed in the provided article:
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Test Reliability Overview:
- Test reliability is the degree to which a test measures consistently and accurately, free from errors. It is closely connected to test validity, emphasizing precision in measurement.
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Test-Retest Reliability:
- Test-Retest reliability assesses the consistency of a test when administered to the same sample at different time points.
- Assumes no substantial changes in the construct being measured between administrations.
- The time gap between measures is crucial, with shorter gaps yielding higher correlation values.
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Split-Half Reliability:
- In this method, items measuring the same construct are randomly divided into two sets.
- The complete instrument is administered, and total scores for each half are correlated to estimate reliability.
- This method follows internal consistency procedures to ensure reliability.
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Parallel Forms Reliability:
- Also known as Alternate Forms Reliability, Equivalent Form Reliability, or Comparable Form Reliability.
- Compares two equivalent forms of a test that measure the same attribute but use different items.
- The rules for selecting items of a particular difficulty level are consistent between the two forms.
- Often involves administering both forms to the same group of people on the same day.
These concepts collectively provide a robust framework for evaluating and ensuring the reliability of psychometric tests. The meticulous consideration of factors such as time gaps, internal consistency, and equivalent forms contributes to the overall precision and stability of test results, reinforcing the credibility of the measurement process.
FAQs
Criterion reliability is not a recognized type of reliability. The commonly recognized types of reliability in research and measurement are: a. Interrater reliability: It assesses the consistency or agreement between different raters or observers when measuring the same phenomenon.
What are the three tests of reliability? ›
Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure. Psychologists consider three types of consistency: over time (test-retest reliability), across items (internal consistency), and across different researchers (inter-rater reliability).
What is an example of a test reliability? ›
Test Reliability
Reliability measures consistency. For example, a scale should show the same weight if the same person steps on it twice. If a scale first shows 130 pounds then shows 150 pounds after five minutes, that scale is not reliable, nor is it valid.
What are the four types of reliability? ›
Types of reliability
- Inter-rater: Different people, same test.
- Test-retest: Same people, different times.
- Parallel-forms: Different people, same time, different test.
- Internal consistency: Different questions, same construct.
Experts have been vetted by Chegg as specialists in this subject. I ) The answer is d. criterion reliability. Criterion-related validity is a type of validity, not re...
What makes a test not reliable? ›
Measurement errors are caused by one of three factors: (a) examinee-specific factors such as motivation, concentration, fatigue, boredom, momentary lapses of memory, carelessness in marking answers, and luck in guessing, (b) test-specific factors such as the specific set of questions selected for a test, ambiguous or ...
What is test reliability Quizlet? ›
Test reliability. refer to the ability of a test to consistently measure what it is suppose to measure each time it is given. Test-retest reliability. Involves giving the intelligence test to the same group of people on two different occasions then comparing the two set of scores.
What are the 3 C's of reliability? ›
Credibility, capability, compatibility and reliability (the 3Cs + R te.
What are the 4 components of reliability? ›
Reliability is the probability of a product successfully functioning as expected for a specific duration within a specified environment. Figure 1 shows the four key elements to reliability: function, probability of success, duration and environment.
What is the test reliability method? ›
Test-retest reliability operates through three basic steps. First, the same test must be administered to the same group of individuals at two different times. Next, the correlation coefficient between the scores of the two assessments must be calculated. The final step is to interpret the correlation coefficient.
First, reliability refers to how dependably or consistently a test measures a certain characteristic. For an exam or an assessment to be considered reliable, it must exhibit consistent results. A test taker can get the same score no matter how, where, or when they take it, within reason.
What is an example of a reliability method? ›
The 4 Types of Reliability in Research | Definitions & Examples
| Type of reliability | Measures the consistency of… |
|---|
| Test-retest | The same test over time. |
| Interrater | The same test conducted by different people. |
| Parallel forms | Different versions of a test which are designed to be equivalent. |
3 more rowsAug 8, 2019
The three R's are Reliability, Resiliency and Recoverability and they are connected. Unplanned events that are not covered with reliability then become a resiliency event. Events that are not handled through resiliency can become a recovery event. ScienceDirect 2 paints the picture of this progression.
What are the 3 ways of measuring reliability? ›
Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure. Psychologists consider three types of consistency: over time (test-retest reliability), across items (internal consistency), and across different researchers (inter-rater reliability).
What are the 5 levels of reliability? ›
Based on our observations here at Google, there are five basic stages of organizational reliability, and they are based on the classic organizational model of absent, reactive, proactive, strategic and visionary.
What are four methods to measure a test reliability? ›
If a test yields inconsistent scores, it may be unethical to take any substantive actions on the basis of the test. There are several methods for computing test reliability including test-retest reliability, parallel forms reliability, decision consistency, internal consistency, and interrater reliability.
Which test is considered a reliable test? ›
A test that yields similar scores for a person who repeats the test is said to measure a characteristic reliably.
What is an example of a reliable test that is not valid? ›
A measurement maybe valid but not reliable, or reliable but not valid. Suppose your bathroomscale was reset to read 10 pound lighter. The weight it reads will be reliable(the same every time you step on it) but will not be valid, since it is notreading your actual weight.
What is a reliable test quizlet? ›
Test reliability. refer to the ability of a test to consistently measure what it is suppose to measure each time it is given. Test-retest reliability. Involves giving the intelligence test to the same group of people on two different occasions then comparing the two set of scores.
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