Tracking the First- and Second-Order Impacts of COVID-19 | Document | U.S. Agency for International Development (2024)
The COVID-19 landscape has evolved dramatically in the past year – the World Health Organization announced the end of the public health emergency, reporting of cases and deaths declined, vaccine priorities shifted, and economies opened despite evidence the pandemic was ongoing. Moreover, four years into the pandemic, newly available data is shedding light on the pandemic’s longer-term impacts on poverty, education, and economic growth.
Building on prior landscape analyses, USAID has prepared this summative review of the evolution of the pandemic and its first- and second-order impacts as of mid-2023. The pandemic’s impacts have been widespread across development sectors and geographical regions, and the overlapping crises of COVID-19, geopolitical instability, and global fiscal tightening threaten to erode development progress. Weakened health systems, ballooning debt, widespread learning loss, and the most significant setback in poverty alleviation during the last two decades are a few examples of the public health crisis’ rippling disruptions across the globe.
This analysis is not exhaustive nor does it offer policy or program recommendations; instead it intends to provide a high-level synthesis of major storylines throughout the course of the pandemic, leveraging the best available data to understand the pandemic’s most significant global impacts.
The data used in this analysis were derived from a range of public sources, including real time metrics, weekly updates on caseloads, modeled forecasts, quantitative estimates of underlying risks and vulnerabilities, surveys, and qualitative research and reports from third-party institutions.
CDC reports the first laboratory-confirmed case of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the U.S. from samples taken on January 18 in Washington state and on the same day activates its Emergency Operations Center (EOC) to respond to the emerging outbreak.
USAID supports widespread and equitable access to safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines; reduces morbidity and mortality from COVID-19; limits transmission; strengthens health systems; and responds to immediate needs resulting from the pandemic. mitigate its social and economic impacts.
Weakened health systems, ballooning debt, widespread learning loss, and the most significant setback in poverty alleviation during the last two decades are a few examples of the public health crisis' rippling disruptions across the globe.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on selected countries and response scenarios in 2022. Labor supply levels fell by 6% in the US, 6% in the UK, and 6% in the EU. China's labor supply levels fell by 5%, Japan's and South Korea's labor supply declined by 3% each, and global consumption levels in major economies declined by 5%.
In the United States, the first coronavirus‐related activity restrictions were issued on March 12, 2020, when a community within New Rochelle, New York, was declared to be a “containment area.” A traditional quarantine order would require individuals presumed to be exposed to stay at home.
In March and April, Congress passed four major bills addressing COVID-19: (1) the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, an USD $8.3 billion bill that provided funding to states and localities for COVID-19 preparedness and response; (2) the Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA) ...
The USAID COVID-19 Task Force will collaborate with USAID Missions, Bureaus, and Independent Offices on additional guidance for implementation across these areas. USAID recognizes that achieving the goals of this Implementation Plan will require a whole-of-society effort in the countries in which we work.
The CARES Act contains numerous provisions to help workers, families, and businesses, including unemployment insurance benefits and loan guarantee programs. It also contains provisions that assist severely distressed sectors of the economy.
Total nonfarm employment fell by 1.4 million jobs in March 2020 and a staggering 20.5 million jobs in April, creating a 22 million jobs deficit since the start of the recession and largely erasing the gains from a decade of job growth.
The literature has reported dramatic psychological and emotional effects, exacerbation of segregation and poverty, disruption in educational systems and formation of an information gap, as well as a declining trends of social capital among communities.
Lockdowns have had a significant impact on early development in young children, causing a sharp rise in developmental issues. For example, fewer opportunities to interact with people outside of their household had a detrimental impact on their psycho-social and language development.
The COVID-19 pandemic swept across the planet, touching every corner of society from science and medicine to the economy, politics and race. In its wake, the virus overwhelmed hospitals, crippled industries and forced institutions like the George Washington University to move to remote work and learning.
Less often, people with COVID-19 reported a loss of taste or a bad taste in the mouth. People also may have problems sleeping, a change in their voice, dizziness or sore eyes.
Key points. People with COVID-19 have a wide range of symptoms ranging from mild symptoms to severe illness. Symptoms may appear 2-14 days after exposure to the virus. Symptoms may start as mild, and some people will progress to more severe symptoms.
FDA issued the first emergency use authorization (EUA) for use of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine in persons aged 16 years and older for the prevention of COVID-19.
During the early spring of 2020, New York City (NYC) became the US epicenter for COVID-19 with the first confirmed case in the city reported on February 29, 2020.
Nurse Sandra Lindsay made history as the first person in the United States to be immunized. When asked for volunteers to take the BioNTech/Pfizer mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, Sandra Lindsay was the first to raise her hand.
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