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Journal of Positive Psychology & Wellbeing
The Impact of Doctrinal and Intellectual Conflicts on Medieval Islamic Sciences
2021 •
Hatim Mahamid
Abstract This study deals with the issue of incompatibility with reason and transmission (al-‘aql wal-naql), which created doctrinal and intellectual conflicts between Sunni and hadith scholars (transmission) and between people of rational opinion (reason) and their impact on Islamic sciences in the Middle Ages. These conflicts appeared mainly after the openness of Muslims to other cultures, and translation of books of logic and philosophy of the Greeks, Persians and of other ancient cultures. Some Muslim intellectuals and scholars were influenced by that philosophy by venerating the mind and making it the basic criterion for the concept of science in Islam. This controversy resulted in number of trends and schools of thought that dealt with transmission and reason on different foundations and approaches. After the emergence of Ash‘ariyya and the attempts to reconcile between transmission and reason, and the victory of the Sunna and hadith over people of opinion and philosophy, the argument ended that everything that was mentioned in the Holy Qur’an and what was authenticated on the Prophet do not conflict with reason. This research shows that the victory of the hadith scholars over people of opinion, since early eleventh century on, resulted in the spread and diversification of religious sciences by establishing religious institutions, such as the madrasa. The matter that contributed to the revival of various religious sciences and the Sunna, but the door remained open, and controversy existed between scholars and intellectuals over the extent to which action is defined by opinion and reason in religious matters and its various activities to these days.
The Wiley Blackwell History of Islam
2018 •
R. Michael Feener
Medieval Islamic Civilization. An encyclopedia [MIC], ed. Joseph W. Meri, I-II, New York, Routledge
Claude Gilliot « Libraries » (in Islam), in MIC, 2, 2006, p. 450-454 (G.3.106)
2006 •
Claude Gilliot
A CONCISE HISTORY OF SUNNIS AND SHI'IS
Swarnendu Chakraborty
this book deals with history of Islamic communities and the cause of conflict between shia and shunni
Digest of Middle East Studies
Misconceptions About the Caliphate in Islam
2016 •
Wayel Azmeh
THE FATIMID EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION IN EGYPT
Tahraoui Ramdane, Merah Souad
This paper tries to investigate the Fatimid educational administration experience in Egypt. It starts by reviewing the historical conditions that paved the way for the establishment of this Ismā’īli state, as well as the principal foundations of their ideology. This is significant, because in medieval Islam administration of educational activities was part of an interconnected bureaucracy, in which education, religious sectarian preferences and politics were inseparable. Writing about the Fatimid educational administration is always difficult because the Fatimid political apparatus’s nature, and the wide spread culture of secrecy. What makes the matter more complicated is the style of recording events by Muslim historians of that era. They followed a methodology which chronicled the political, religious and economic aspects of life on annual basis, and neglected other aspects such as educational administration. Concepts related to modern educational administration literature like centralization, unity of command, span of control and merit, were rarely mentioned in the historical sources. These difficulties made this research a testing challenge.
Islam and the Devotional Object: Seeing Religion in Egypt and Syria
"The Relic and Its Witness" ch. 4
2020 •
Richard McGregor
The complicated public careers of objects such as the head of Husayn, and the hairs, fingernails, and footprints of the Prophet, tell a story of evolving religious identity and ritual practice. Housing, displaying, and processing these objects was key to their cultural lives and their reception, as was the viewing cultures that grew up around them. In the context of this history an argument is made connecting the aesthetic power of this type of religious object to ritual and devotional practices. Drawing on chronicles, theological and legal treatises, poetry, and architectural studies, the claim is that relics (and bodily imprints in stone) are unique sites of religious practice that display in their very materiality the simultaneous presencing and distancing that is inherent in devotional experience.
The Potential of Architecture: The Meaning and Purpose of Commemorative Architecture in Islamic Civilizations
2019 •
Natasha Pradhan
Islamic art
Evren Say
